Njengoba kwaziwa kahle, ingxenye enkulu yezimboni zezinga eliphezulu, ezinembile nezithuthukile azikwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwegumbi elihlanzekile elingenalo uthuli, njengephaneli ze-CCL circuit substrate zethusi, amabhodi esifunda aphrintiwe e-PCB, izikrini ze-LCD ze-photoelectronic nama-LED, amabhethri kagesi kanye ne-3C lithium, kanye neminye imboni yezemithi kanye nokudla.
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, amazinga ekhwalithi emikhiqizo esekelayo edingwa yimboni yokukhiqiza ahlala ethuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bezimboni abadingi nje kuphela ukusungula imikhiqizo yabo kusukela enkambisweni yokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi badinga ukuthuthukisa indawo yokukhiqiza yemikhiqizo, baqinisekise ngokuqinile izidingo zemvelo zamakamelo ahlanzekile, futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuzinza.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwamafektri akhona ngenxa yekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ethuthukisiwe noma ukwandiswa kwamafektri ngenxa yesidingo semakethe, abakhiqizi bezimboni bazobhekana nezinkinga ezibalulekile ezihlobene nekusasa lebhizinisi, njengokulungiselela iphrojekthi.
Kusukela kwingqalasizinda kuya ekusekeleni ukuhlobisa, kusukela ekubunjweni kobuciko kuya ekuthengweni kwemishini, kuhileleke uchungechunge lwezinqubo zephrojekthi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kule nqubo, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu eqenjini lokwakha kufanele kube ikhwalithi yephrojekthi kanye nezindleko eziphelele.
Okulandelayo kuzochaza kafushane izici eziningana ezinkulu ezithinta izindleko zegumbi lokuhlanza elingenalo uthuli ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwamafektri ezimboni.
1. Izinto Ezithinta Isikhala
Isici sesikhala sakhiwe izici ezimbili: indawo yegumbi elihlanzekile kanye nokuphakama kophahla lwegumbi elihlanzekile, okuthinta ngqo izindleko zokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kanye nendawo ebiyelwe: izindonga zokuhlukanisa igumbi elihlanzekile kanye nendawo yophahla lwegumbi elihlanzekile. Izindleko zokutshala imali ze-air conditioning, umthamo wendawo edingekayo yomthwalo we-air conditioning, indlela yokunikeza kanye nokubuyisela umoya we-air conditioning, indlela yepayipi ye-air conditioning, kanye nenani lama-terminal e-air conditioning.
Ukuze kugwenywe ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi ngenxa yezizathu zesikhala, umhleli angacabangela izici ezimbili ngokuphelele: indawo yokusebenza yemishini ehlukene yenqubo yokukhiqiza (kufaka phakathi ukuphakama noma ububanzi bokuhamba, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa) kanye nesiqondiso sokugeleza kwabasebenzi nezinto zokwakha.
Njengamanje, izakhiwo zilandela izimiso zokulondolozwa komhlaba, izinto ezibonakalayo kanye namandla, ngakho-ke indawo yokuhlanza engenalo uthuli ayinkulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho ulungiselela ukwakha, kubalulekile ukucabangela imishini yayo yenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nezinqubo zayo, ezingagwema ngempumelelo izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali ezingadingekile.
2. Izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokuhlanzeka komoya
Izinga lokushisa, umswakama, kanye nokuhlanzeka komoya kuyidatha ejwayelekile yemvelo yegumbi elihlanzekile eyenzelwe imikhiqizo yezimboni, okuyisisekelo esiphezulu sokuklama igumbi elihlanzekile kanye neziqinisekiso ezibalulekile zesilinganiso sokufaneleka komkhiqizo kanye nokuqina. Izindinganiso zamanje zihlukaniswe ngezindinganiso zikazwelonke, izindinganiso zendawo, izindinganiso zemboni, kanye nezindinganiso zangaphakathi zebhizinisi.
Izindinganiso ezifana nokuhlukaniswa kokuhlanzeka kanye nezindinganiso ze-GMP embonini yezemithi zingezamazinga kazwelonke. Ezimbonini eziningi zokukhiqiza, izindinganiso zegumbi elihlanzekile ezinqubweni ezahlukene zokukhiqiza zinqunywa kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezicini zomkhiqizo.
Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama wokuchayeka, ifilimu eyomile, kanye nezindawo zemaski ye-solder embonini ye-PCB zisukela ku-22+1℃ kuya ku-55+5%, kanye nokuhlanzeka okusukela ku-class 1000 kuya ku-class 100000. Imboni yebhethri le-lithium igcizelela kakhulu ukulawulwa komswakama ophansi, kanye nomswakama ohlobene ngokuvamile ongaphansi kuka-20%. Amanye ama-workshop okujova uketshezi aqinile kakhulu kudingeka alawulwe cishe ku-1% womswakama ohlobene.
Ukuchaza amazinga edatha yezemvelo yegumbi elihlanzekile kuyiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu elithinta ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi. Ukusungulwa kwezinga lokuhlanzeka kuthinta izindleko zokuhlobisa: libekwe esigabeni esingu-100000 nangaphezulu, okudinga iphaneli yegumbi elihlanzekile elidingekayo, iminyango namafasitela egumbi elihlanzekile, izinsiza zokudlulisa umoya zabasebenzi nezimpahla, kanye nephansi eliphakeme kakhulu elibizayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuthinta nezindleko zomoya opholile: lapho ukuhlanzeka kuphakeme, inani lokushintsha komoya elidingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuhlanza, kulapho kudingeka khona ivolumu yomoya eningi ye-AHU, kanye nezindawo zokungenisa umoya eziningi ze-hepa ekugcineni komsele womoya.
Ngokufanayo, ukwakheka kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama endaweni yokusebenzela akugcini nje ngokuhilela izinkinga zezindleko ezishiwo ngenhla, kodwa futhi kunezici zokulawula ukunemba. Uma ukunemba kuphakeme, kulapho imishini yokusekela edingekayo iphelele khona. Uma ububanzi bomswakama obuhlobene buqondile ku-+3% noma ± 5%, imishini yomswakama kanye nokususa umswakama edingekayo kufanele iqedwe.
Ukusungulwa kwezinga lokushisa le-workshop, umswakama, kanye nokuhlanzeka akuthinti nje kuphela ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala, kodwa futhi nezindleko zokusebenza esigabeni sokugcina sefektri enesisekelo esihlala siluhlaza. Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe ezicini zemikhiqizo yayo yokukhiqiza, kuhlanganiswe nezindinganiso zikazwelonke, izindinganiso zemboni, kanye nezindinganiso zangaphakathi zebhizinisi, ukwakha ngokufanele izindinganiso zedatha yezemvelo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zalo kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseleleni ukwakha i-workshop yegumbi elihlanzekile.
3. Ezinye Izinto
Ngaphezu kwezimfuneko ezimbili ezinkulu zesikhala nendawo ezungezile, ezinye izici ezithinta ukuhambisana kwezindawo zokusebenzela ezihlanzekile zivame ukunganakwa yizinkampani zokuklama noma zokwakha, okuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kanye nomswakama. Isibonelo, ukucabangela okungaphelele isimo sezulu sangaphandle, ukungacabangi ngomthamo wokukhipha imishini, ukukhiqiza ukushisa kwemishini, ukukhiqizwa kothuli lwemishini kanye nomthamo wokufaka umswakama ovela enanini elikhulu labasebenzi, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-12-2023