Phakathi nenqubo yokuqondisa yansuku zonke, kwatholakala ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwamanje kwegumbi elihlanzekile kwamanye amabhizinisi akusezingeni ngokwanele.Ngokusekelwe ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene eziphakama ekukhiqizeni nasekugadweni kwabakhiqizi abaningi bemishini yezokwelapha, lezi zimfuneko ezilandelayo zokwakhiwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile ziyaphakanyiswa, ikakhulukazi embonini yemishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba.
1. Izidingo zokukhetha isayithi
(1).Lapho ukhetha indawo yefekthri, kufanele ucabange ukuthi indawo yemvelo kanye nezimo zenhlanzeko endaweni zinhle, okungenani ayikho imithombo yokungcoliswa komoya noma amanzi, futhi kufanele ibe kude nemigwaqo emikhulu yethrafikhi, amagceke ezimpahla, njll.
(2).Izidingo zemvelo yendawo yefekthri: Umhlaba kanye nemigwaqo endaweni yefekthri kufanele ishelele futhi ingabi nothuli.Kunconywa ukunciphisa indawo yenhlabathi eveziwe ngokufaka uhlaza noma ezinye izinyathelo noma ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulawula uthuli.Udoti, izinto ezingasebenzi, njll. akufanele zigcinwe endaweni evulekile.Ngamafuphi, imvelo yefekthri akufanele ibangele ukungcoliswa kokukhiqizwa kwemishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba.
(3).Isakhiwo sonke sendawo yefekthri kufanele sibe nengqondo: akumele kube nomthelela omubi endaweni yokukhiqiza yemishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba, ikakhulukazi indawo ehlanzekile.
2. Izidingo zesakhiwo segumbi (indawo) ehlanzekile
Izici ezilandelayo kufanele zinakwe ekwakhiweni kwegumbi elihlanzekile.
(1).Hlela ngokuvumelana nokugeleza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza.Inqubo kufanele ibe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu nezilwane, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza okunengqondo kwabantu kanye nempahla.Kufanele ifakwe igumbi elihlanzekile labasebenzi (igumbi lokugcina amajazi, igumbi lokuwasha, izingubo zegumbi ezihlanzekile zokugqoka kanye negumbi lokuhlala), igumbi elihlanzekile lempahla (igumbi lokusebenzela ngaphandle, igumbi lebhafa kanye nebhokisi lokudlula).Ngaphezu kwamakamelo adingwa izinqubo zomkhiqizo, kufanele futhi ifakwe Ifakwe igumbi le-sanitary ware, igumbi lokuhlanza, igumbi lokugcina lesikhashana, igumbi lokuhlanza imishini yesiteshi somsebenzi, njll Igumbi ngalinye lizimele komunye nomunye.Indawo yekamelo elihlanzekile kufanele ihambisane nesilinganiso sokukhiqiza ngenkathi iqinisekisa izidingo eziyisisekelo.
(2).Ngokwezinga lokuhlanzeka komoya, lingabhalwa ngokulandela isiqondiso sokugeleza kwabasebenzi, kusukela phansi kuya phezulu;ishabhu isuka ngaphakathi iye ngaphandle, isuka phezulu iye phansi.
3. Akukho ukungcoliswa okuphambanayo okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile elilodwa (indawo) noma phakathi kwamakamelo ahlanzekile aseduze.
① Inqubo yokukhiqiza nezinto zokusetshenziswa ngeke kuthinte ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo;
② Kukhona izingidi zomoya noma izindlela zokunqanda ukungcola phakathi kwamagumbi ahlanzekile (izindawo) zamazinga ahlukene, futhi izinto ezisetshenziswayo zidluliswa ngebhokisi lokudlula.
4. Inani lomoya ohlanzekile egumbini elihlanzekile kufanele lithathe inani eliphezulu elilandelayo: Inani lomoya ohlanzekile elidingekayo ukuze kunxeshezelwe umthamo wokukhipha umoya osendlini nokugcina umfutho oqondile wangaphakathi;Umthamo womoya ohlanzekile lapho kungekho muntu egumbini elihlanzekile kufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-40 m3/h.
5. Indawo ngayinye yendlunkulu yekamelo elihlanzekile kufanele ingabi ngaphansi kwamamitha-skwele ama-4 (ngaphandle kwamaphasishi, izinto zokusebenza nezinye izinto) ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokusebenza ephephile.
6. Ama-reagents okuxilonga e-in vitro kufanele athobelane nezidingo "Zemithetho Yokusebenzisa Yokukhiqiza Ama-In Vitro Diagnostic Reagents (Isivivinyo)".Phakathi kwazo, ukucutshungulwa kwe-serum engalungile nenhle, ama-plasmids noma imikhiqizo yegazi kufanele kwenziwe endaweni okungenani yekilasi 10000, kugcinwe ingcindezi engalungile ehlobene nezindawo eziseduze noma ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokuvikela.
7. Isiqondiso somoya obuyayo, umoya wokunikezela kanye namapayipi amanzi kufanele kumakwe.
8. Izimfuneko zezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama
(1).Ihambisana nezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza.
(2).Uma zingekho izidingo ezikhethekile zenqubo yokukhiqiza, izinga lokushisa lekamelo elihlanzekile (indawo) elinezinga lokuhlanzeka komoya lesigaba 100000 noma 10000 lizoba ngu-20℃~24℃, kanti umswakama ohlobene uzoba ngu-45%~65%;izinga lokuhlanzeka komoya lizoba yisigaba 100000 noma 300000. Izinga lokushisa legumbi elihlanzekile (indawo) lekilasi lika-10,000 kufanele libe ngu-18°C kuya ku-26°C, futhi umswakama ohlobene kufanele ube ngu-45% kuya ku-65%.Uma kunezidingo ezikhethekile, kufanele zinqunywe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zenqubo.
(3).Izinga lokushisa ekamelweni elihlanzekile lezisebenzi kufanele libe ngu-16°C ~ 20°C ebusika kanye no-26°C ~ 30°C ehlobo.
(4).Imishini yokuqapha esetshenziswa kakhulu
I-anemometer, isibali sezinhlayiyana zothuli, imitha yokushisa nomswakama, imitha yokucindezela okuhlukile, njll.
(5).Izidingo zamagumbi okuhlola angenalutho
Igumbi elihlanzekile kufanele lifakwe igumbi lokuhlola ubunyumba (elihlukene nendawo yokukhiqiza) elinesistimu yokuhlanza umoya yokuhlanza ezimele, okudingekayo ukuze kube ikilasi lendawo le-100 ngaphansi kwezimo zekilasi le-10000.Igumbi lokuhlola ubunyumba kufanele lihlanganise: Igumbi elihlanzekile lezisebenzi (igumbi lokugcina amajazi, igumbi lokuwasha, izingubo zegumbi ezihlanzekile zokugqoka igumbi kanye negumbi lokuhlala), igumbi elihlanzekile lempahla (igumbi le-buffer noma ibhokisi lokudlula), igumbi lokuhlola ubunyumba, kanye negumbi lokulawula elihle.
(6).Imibiko yokuhlola imvelo evela kuma-ejensi wokuhlola wezinkampani zangaphandle
Nikeza ngombiko wokuhlolwa kwemvelo ovela esikhungweni sokuhlola sezinkampani zangaphandle esifanelekayo phakathi nonyaka owodwa.Umbiko wokuhlola kufanele uhambisane nepulani yaphansi ekhombisa indawo yegumbi ngalinye.
① Okwamanje kunezinto eziyisithupha zokuhlola: izinga lokushisa, umswakamo, umehluko wengcindezi, inani lokushintsha komoya, ukubalwa kothuli, namagciwane okwehlisa.
② Izingxenye ezihloliwe yilezi: Ishabhu lokukhiqiza: igumbi elihlanzekile labasebenzi;igumbi elihlanzekile lempahla;indawo ye-buffer;amakamelo adingekayo ngenqubo yomkhiqizo;Igumbi lokuhlanza impahla yesiteshi somsebenzi, igumbi lempahla yenhlanzeko, igumbi elondolo, igumbi lokugcina lesikhashana, njll. Igumbi lokuhlola ubunyumba.
(7).Ikhathalogi yemikhiqizo yedivayisi yezokwelapha edinga ukukhiqizwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile.Imishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba noma izesekeli zefekthri ezinephakheji eyodwa ezifakwe futhi zifakwe emithanjeni yegazi futhi zidinga ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo (njengokugcwalisa nokuvala, njll.) endaweni ehlanzekile yekilasi le-100 ngaphansi kwekilasi 10000. Ukucutshungulwa kwezingxenye, ukuhlanzwa kokugcina, ukuhlanganisa, ukupakishwa kokuqala kanye nokuvala kanye nezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza kufanele zibe nezinga lokuhlanzeka elingekho ngaphansi kwekilasi le-10000.
Isibonelo
① Ukufakwa kwemithambo yegazi: njengama-vascular stents, amavalvu enhliziyo, imithambo yegazi yokwenziwa, njll.
② Imithambo yegazi engenelelayo: ama-catheter ahlukahlukene e-intravascular, njll. Njenge-central venous catheter, amasistimu okulethwa kwe-stent, njll.
③ Ukucutshungulwa, ukuhlanzwa kokugcina kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba noma izisetshenziswa zasefekthri ezipakishwe eyodwa ezifakwe esicutshini somuntu futhi zixhunywe ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile egazini, imbobo yomnkantsha noma imbobo engeyona eyemvelo (ngaphandle kokuhlanza).Indawo yokuqala yokupakisha nokuvala kanye nezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza kufanele zibe nezinga lokuhlanzeka elingekho ngaphansi kwekilasi le-100000.
④ Amadivayisi afakwe esicutshini somuntu: ama-pacemaker, izinsiza zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa ezifakelwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba, amabele okwenziwa, njll.
⑤ Ukuxhumana okuqondile negazi: isihlukanisi se-plasma, isihlungi segazi, amagilavu okuhlinzwa, njll.
⑥ Amadivayisi axhumene negazi ngokungaqondile: amasethi okumnika, amasethi okumpontshelwa igazi, izinaliti ezifakwa emthanjeni, vacuum amashubhu okuqoqa igazi, njll.
⑦ Amadivayisi okuxhumana amathambo: amadivaysi e-intraosseous, amathambo okwenziwa, njll.
⑧ Ukucutshungulwa, ukuhlanzwa kwenhlawulo kokugcina, ukuhlanganisa, ukupakishwa kokuqala kanye nokubekwa uphawu kwemishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba noma izingxenye zefekthri ezipakishwe eyodwa (ezingahlanzwanga) ezihlangana nezindawo ezilimele kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila lomzimba womuntu kufanele lwenziwe ekamelweni elihlanzekile. okungekho ngaphansi kwekilasi 300000 (indawo).
Isibonelo
① Ukuthintana nendawo elimele: ukushiswa noma ukubopha amanxeba, ukotini omunca imithi, i-gauze emuncayo, izinto zokuhlinza eziyinyumba ezilahlwayo njengamaphedi okuhlinza, izingubo zokuhlinza, imaski yezokwelapha, njll.
② Ukuthintana nolwelwesi lwamafinyila: i-catheter yomchamo oyinyumba, i-tracheal intubation, idivayisi ye-intrauterine, okokugcoba komuntu, njll.
③ Ngezinto zokupakisha eziyinhloko ezithintana ngqo nezindawo zemishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba futhi ezisetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuhlanza, izinga lokuhlanzeka kwendawo yokukhiqiza kufanele lisethwe ngokuhambisana nezimiso ezifanayo nezinga lenhlanzeko lendawo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo ukuze kuqinisekiswe. ukuthi ikhwalithi yezinto eziyisisekelo zokupakisha iwukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba epakishiwe, uma impahla yokupakisha yokuqala ingaxhumani ngokuqondile nobuso bomshini wokwelapha oyinyumba, kufanele ikhiqizwe egumbini elihlanzekile (indawo) enendawo. hhayi ngaphansi kwekilasi 300000.
Isibonelo
① Ukuxhumana okuqondile: njengezinto zokuqala zokupakisha zabafake izicelo, amabele okwenziwa, ama-catheter, njll.
② Akukho ukuthintana okuqondile: njengezinto zokuqala zokupakisha zamasethi okumnika, amasethi ompontshelwa igazi, imijovo, njll.
③ Imishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba (okuhlanganisa nezinto zokwelapha) ezidingekayo noma ezicutshungulwa kusetshenziswa amasu okusebenza kwe-aseptic kufanele zikhiqizwe ekilasini lendawo lamagumbi ahlanzekile ayi-100 (izindawo) ngaphansi kwekilasi 10000.
Isibonelo
① Okufana nokugcwaliswa kwama-anticoagulant nezixazululo zokunakekela ekukhiqizweni kwezikhwama zegazi, nokulungiswa kwe-aseptic nokugcwaliswa kwemikhiqizo ewuketshezi.
② Cindezela futhi ubambe i-stent yemithambo bese usebenzisa umuthi.
Phawula:
① Imishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba ihlanganisa izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha ezingenawo ama-microorganisms asebenzayo ngokuvala inzalo noma amasu okucubungula aseptic.Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obunciphisa ukungcoliswa kufanele busetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kwemishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha azingcolisiwe noma zingaqeda ukungcola ngempumelelo.
② Ukuzala: Isimo lapho umkhiqizo ungenawo ama-microorganisms asebenzayo.
③ Ukuvala inzalo: Inqubo eqinisekisiwe esetshenziselwa ukunikeza umkhiqizo ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinambuzane ezisebenzayo.
④ Ukucutshungulwa kwe-Aseptic: Ukulungiswa kwe-aseptic kwemikhiqizo nokugcwaliswa kwe-aseptic kwemikhiqizo endaweni elawulwayo.Ukunikezwa komoya kwemvelo, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, amathuluzi kanye nabasebenzi kulawulwa ukuze ukungcola kwe-microbial kanye nezinhlayiya kulawulwe kufinyelele emazingeni amukelekayo.
Imishini yezokwelapha eyinyumba: ibhekisela kunoma iyiphi impahla yezokwelapha ephawulwe ngokuthi "inyumba".
⑤ Igumbi elihlanzekile kufanele lihlanganise igumbi lempahla ye-sanitary, igumbi lokuwasha, indawo yokugcina yesikhashana, igumbi lokuhlanza impahla yesiteshi somsebenzi, njll.
Imikhiqizo ekhiqizwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlanzekile ibhekisela emikhiqizweni edinga inzalo noma ukuvala inzalo ukuze isetshenziswe okokugcina.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-30-2024