Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqapha yansuku zonke, kwatholakala ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwamanje kwegumbi elihlanzekile kwamanye amabhizinisi akukahleleki ngokwanele. Ngokusekelwe ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene ezivela ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza nezokuqapha zabakhiqizi abaningi bemishini yezokwelapha, kuphakanyiswa izidingo ezilandelayo zokwakhiwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile, ikakhulukazi embonini yamadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlanzekile.
1. Izidingo zokukhetha indawo
(1). Uma ukhetha indawo yefektri, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi indawo yemvelo kanye nezimo zokuhlanzeka ezizungezile indawo zinhle, okungenani azikho imithombo yokungcoliswa komoya noma kwamanzi, futhi kufanele kube kude nemigwaqo emikhulu yezimoto, amagceke ezimpahla, njll.
(2). Izidingo zemvelo zendawo yefektri: Inhlabathi kanye nemigwaqo endaweni yefektri kufanele kube bushelelezi futhi kungabi nothuli. Kunconywa ukunciphisa indawo yenhlabathi eveziwe ngokusebenzisa uhlaza noma ezinye izinyathelo noma ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulawula uthuli. Udoti, izinto ezingasebenzi, njll. akufanele zigcinwe endaweni evulekile. Ngamafuphi, indawo yefektri akufanele ibangele ukungcola ekukhiqizweni kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha angcolile.
(3). Ukuhlelwa kwendawo yefektri kufanele kube okunengqondo: akumelwe kube nomthelela omubi endaweni yokukhiqiza yamadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlanzekile, ikakhulukazi indawo ehlanzekile.
2. Izidingo zokuhlelwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile (indawo)
Izici ezilandelayo kufanele zinakwe ekwakhiweni kwegumbi elihlanzekile.
(1). Hlela ngokwendlela yokukhiqiza. Inqubo kufanele ibe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu nezilwane, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abantu bahamba kahle kanye nezindawo zokuthutha. Kumele ifakwe igumbi elihlanzekile labasebenzi (igumbi lokugcina impahla, igumbi lokugeza, igumbi lokugqoka elihlanzekile kanye negumbi lokuhlanza), igumbi lokuhlanza impahla (igumbi lokukhipha impahla, igumbi lokuhlanza impahla kanye nebhokisi lokuhambisa impahla). Ngaphezu kwamakamelo adingwa yizinqubo zomkhiqizo, kufanele ifakwe negumbi lokugcina impahla, igumbi lokuwasha impahla, igumbi lokugcina impahla lesikhashana, igumbi lokuhlanza imishini yesiteshi somsebenzi, njll. Igumbi ngalinye lizimele. Indawo yegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele ihambisane nesilinganiso sokukhiqiza ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa izidingo eziyisisekelo.
(2). Ngokwezinga lokuhlanzeka komoya, kungabhalwa ngokuya ngesiqondiso sokugeleza kwabasebenzi, kusukela phansi kuya phezulu; indawo yokusebenzela isuka ngaphakathi iye ngaphandle, kusukela phezulu kuya phansi.
3. Akukho ukungcoliswa okwenzekayo ngaphakathi kwegumbi elifanayo elihlanzekile (indawo) noma phakathi kwamakamelo ahlanzekile aseduze.
① Inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa ngeke kuthinte ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo;
② Kunezindlela zokuvala umoya noma izindlela zokulwa nokungcola phakathi kwamakamelo ahlanzekile (izindawo) ezinamazinga ahlukene, futhi izinto zidluliselwa ngebhokisi lokungena.
4. Inani lomoya omusha egumbini elihlanzekile kufanele libe nalokhu okulandelayo: Inani lomoya omusha elidingekayo ukuze kulungiswe umthamo wokukhipha umoya endlini futhi kugcinwe ingcindezi enhle endlini; Inani lomoya omusha uma kungekho muntu egumbini elihlanzekile kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-40 m3/h.
5. Indawo ngayinye yegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele okungenani ibe ngamamitha-skwele angu-4 (ngaphandle kwemigwaqo, imishini nezinye izinto) ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ephephile.
6. Ama-reagent okuxilonga ngaphakathi kwe-vitro kufanele ahambisane nezidingo "zeMithetho Yokusebenzisa Yokukhiqizwa kwama-Reagent Okuxilonga ngaphakathi kwe-Vitro (Isivivinyo)". Phakathi kwazo, imisebenzi yokucubungula i-serum engemihle neyinhle, ama-plasmid noma imikhiqizo yegazi kufanele yenziwe endaweni okungenani yekilasi elingu-10000, kugcinwe ingcindezi engemihle ehlobene nezindawo eziseduze noma ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokuvikela.
7. Indlela umoya obuya ngayo, umoya ohlinzekayo kanye namapayipi amanzi kufanele imakwe.
8. Izidingo zokushisa nomswakama
(1). Iyahambisana nezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza.
(2). Uma kungekho zidingo ezikhethekile zenqubo yokukhiqiza, izinga lokushisa legumbi elihlanzekile (indawo) elinezinga lokuhlanzeka komoya lekilasi 100000 noma 10000 kufanele libe ngu-20℃ ~ 24℃, kanti umswakama ohlobene kufanele ube ngu-45% ~ 65%; izinga lokuhlanzeka komoya kufanele libe yikilasi 100000 noma 300000. Izinga lokushisa legumbi elihlanzekile lekilasi 10,000 (indawo) kufanele libe ngu-18°C kuya ku-26°C, kanti umswakama ohlobene kufanele ube ngu-45% kuya ku-65%. Uma kunezidingo ezikhethekile, kufanele zinqunywe ngokwezidingo zenqubo.
(3). Izinga lokushisa legumbi elihlanzekile labasebenzi kufanele libe ngu-16°C ~ 20°C ebusika kanye no-26°C ~ 30°C ehlobo.
(4). Imishini yokuqapha esetshenziswa kakhulu
I-Anemometer, ikhawunta yezinhlayiya zothuli, imitha yokushisa nomswakama, imitha yokucindezela okuhlukile, njll.
(5). Izidingo zamagumbi okuhlola angenamagciwane
Igumbi elihlanzekile kumele libe negumbi lokuhlola ukungcola (elihlukile endaweni yokukhiqiza) elinesistimu yokupholisa umoya ehlanzekile ezimele, okudingeka ibe yiklasi lendawo 100 ngaphansi kwezimo zeklasi 10000. Igumbi lokuhlola ukungcola kufanele lifake: igumbi elihlanzekile labasebenzi (igumbi lokugcina amajazi, igumbi lokugeza, igumbi elihlanzekile lezingubo zokugqoka kanye negumbi le-buffer), igumbi lokuhlanza izinto (igumbi le-buffer noma ibhokisi lepasi), igumbi lokuhlola ukungcola, kanye negumbi lokulawula elilungile.
(6). Imibiko yokuhlolwa kwemvelo evela ezinhlanganweni zokuhlola ezivela eceleni
Nikeza umbiko wokuhlolwa kwemvelo ovela ejensi yokuhlola yomuntu wesithathu efanelekile kungakapheli unyaka owodwa. Umbiko wokuhlola kumele uhambisane nohlelo lwephansi olubonisa indawo yegumbi ngalinye.
① Okwamanje kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zokuhlola: izinga lokushisa, umswakama, umehluko wokucindezela, inani lokushintsha komoya, inani lothuli, kanye namagciwane okwenziwa yi-sedimentation.
② Izingxenye ezivivinyiwe yilezi: Indawo yokukhiqiza: igumbi elihlanzekile labasebenzi; igumbi elihlanzekile lezinto; indawo ye-buffer; amakamelo adingekayo enqubweni yomkhiqizo; igumbi lokuhlanza imishini yesiteshi sokusebenza, igumbi lezinto zangasese, igumbi lokuwasha, igumbi lokugcina impahla yesikhashana, njll. Igumbi lokuhlola ukungabi namagciwane.
(7). Ikhathalogi yemikhiqizo yedivayisi yezokwelapha edinga ukukhiqizwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile. Amadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlanzekile noma izesekeli zefektri ezifakwe kanye ezifakwa emithanjeni yegazi futhi ezidinga ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo (njengokugcwalisa nokuvala, njll.) endaweni ehlanzekile yendawo yekilasi 100 ngaphansi kwekilasi 10000. Ukucutshungulwa kwezingxenye, ukuhlanzwa kokugcina, ukuhlanganiswa, ukupakishwa kokuqala nokuvala kanye nezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza kufanele kube nezinga lokuhlanzeka elingaphansi kwekilasi 10000.
Isibonelo
① Ukufakelwa kwemithambo yegazi: njenge-vascular stents, ama-valve enhliziyo, imithambo yegazi yokwenziwa, njll.
② Imithambo yegazi engenelelayo: ama-catheter ahlukahlukene angaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, njll. Njenge-catheter ephakathi yemithambo yegazi, izinhlelo zokulethwa kwe-stent, njll.
③ Ukucubungula, ukuhlanza kokugcina kanye nokuhlanganisa amadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlanzekile noma izesekeli zasefektri ezifakwe ezicutshini zomuntu futhi ezixhunywe ngqo noma ngokungaqondile egazini, emgodini womnkantsha noma emgodini ongeyona imvelo (ngaphandle kokuhlanza). Indawo yokuqala yokupakisha kanye nokuvala kanye nezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza kufanele zibe nezinga lokuhlanzeka elingaphansi kwesigaba 100000.
④ Amadivayisi afakwe ezicutshini zomuntu: ama-pacemaker, amadivayisi okuhambisa imithi angafakelwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba, amabele okwenziwa, njll.
⑤ Ukuthintana ngqo negazi: isihlukanisi se-plasma, isihlungi segazi, amagilavu okuhlinzwa, njll.
⑥ Amadivayisi athintana negazi ngokungaqondile: amasethi okufaka igazi, amasethi okumpontshelwa igazi, izinaliti zomjovo, amapayipi okuqoqa igazi nge-vacuum, njll.
⑦ Amadivayisi okuthintana kwamathambo: amadivayisi angena ngaphakathi kwamathambo, amathambo okwenziwa, njll.
⑧ Ukucubungula, ukuhlanza kokugcina, ukuhlanganisa, ukupakisha kokuqala kanye nokuvala amadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlanzekile noma izingxenye zefektri (ezingahlanzwanga) ezithinta izindawo ezonakele kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila emzimbeni womuntu kufanele kwenziwe ekamelweni elihlanzekile okungenani isigaba 300000 (indawo).
Isibonelo
① Ukuthinta indawo elimele: ukusha noma ukubopha amanxeba, ukotini omunca izicubu zezokwelapha, i-gauze emunca izicubu, izinto zokuhlinzwa ezilahlwayo ezihlanzekile njengezindwangu zokuhlinzwa, izingubo zokuhlinzwa, imaski yezokwelapha, njll.
② Ukuthintana nolwelwesi lwamafinyila: i-catheter yomchamo engcolile, i-intubation yomphimbo, idivayisi yangaphakathi kwesibeletho, i-lubricant yomuntu, njll.
③ Ngezinto zokupakisha eziyinhloko ezithintana ngqo nezindawo zamadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlanzekile futhi ezisetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuhlanza, izinga lokuhlanzeka kwendawo yokukhiqiza kufanele libekwe ngokuhambisana nemigomo efanayo nezinga lokuhlanzeka kwendawo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yezinto zokupakisha eziyinhloko ihlangabezana nezidingo zamadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlanzekile apakishiwe, uma izinto zokupakisha zokuqala zingathinti ngqo indawo yedivayisi yezokwelapha ehlanzekile, kufanele zikhiqizwe ekamelweni elihlanzekile (indawo) elinendawo engaphansi kwesigaba 300000.
Isibonelo
① Ukuthintana ngqo: njengezinto zokuqala zokupakisha zemishini yokufaka, amabele okwenziwa, ama-catheter, njll.
② Akukho ukuthintana okuqondile: njengezinto zokuqala zokupakisha zamasethi okumpompela igazi, amasethi okumpompela igazi, amasirinji, njll.
③ Amadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlanzekile (kufaka phakathi izinto zokwelapha) adingekayo noma acutshungulwa kusetshenziswa amasu okusebenza angenamagciwane kufanele akhiqizwe emakamelweni ahlanzekile endawo (izindawo) ekilasi 10000.
Isibonelo
① Njengokugcwaliswa kwama-anticoagulant kanye nezixazululo zokulungisa ekukhiqizweni kwezikhwama zegazi, kanye nokulungiswa nokugcwalisa imikhiqizo yoketshezi engasebenzi kahle.
② Cindezela bese ubamba i-vascular stent bese ufaka umuthi.
Phawula:
① Amadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlanzekile afaka amadivayisi ezokwelapha angenazo noma yiziphi izinto eziphilayo ngokusebenzisa amasu okuhlanza aphelele noma amasu okucubungula angenamagciwane. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obunciphisa ukungcola kufanele busetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlanzekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlanzekile noma angaqeda ukungcola ngempumelelo.
② Ukungazali: Isimo lapho umkhiqizo ungenazo izinto eziphilayo eziphilayo.
③ Ukuhlanza: Inqubo eqinisekisiwe esetshenziselwa ukwenza umkhiqizo ungabi nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinambuzane eziphilayo.
④ Ukucubungula i-Aseptic: Ukulungiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-Aseptic kanye nokugcwaliswa kwemikhiqizo ye-Aseptic endaweni elawulwayo. Ukunikezwa komoya, izinto zokwakha, imishini kanye nabasebenzi bendawo kulawulwa ukuze ukungcola kwamagciwane kanye nezinhlayiya kulawulwe emazingeni amukelekayo.
Imishini yezokwelapha engcolile: ibhekisela kunoma yimiphi imishini yezokwelapha ebhalwe ukuthi "engcolile".
⑤ Igumbi elihlanzekile kumele libe negumbi lezinto zangasese, igumbi lokuwasha, igumbi lokugcina impahla lesikhashana, igumbi lokuhlanza imishini yesiteshi sokusebenza, njll.
Imikhiqizo ekhiqizwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlanziwe ibhekisela emikhiqizweni edinga ukungabi namagciwane noma ukubulawa amagciwane ukuze isetshenziswe okokugcina.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-30-2024