Ngokuvamile ububanzi bokuhlolwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile buhlanganisa: ukuhlolwa kwebanga lendawo yegumbi elihlanzekile, ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kobunjiniyela, okuhlanganisa ukudla, imikhiqizo yezempilo, izimonyo, amanzi asemabhodleleni, indawo yokusebenzela yokukhiqiza ubisi, indawo yokusebenzela yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, indawo yokusebenzela ye-GMP, igumbi lokuhlinza esibhedlela, ilabhorethri yezilwane, i-biosafety. amalabhorethri, amakhabethe e-biosafety, amabhentshi ahlanzekile, ama-workshop angenalo uthuli, ama-workshops angenalutho, njll.
Okuqukethwe okuhlanzekile kwegumbi lokuhlola: isivinini somoya kanye nevolumu yomoya, inani lokushintsha komoya, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, umehluko wengcindezi, izinhlayiya zothuli ezimisiwe, amagciwane antantayo, amagciwane ahlezi, umsindo, ukukhanya, njll. Ukuze uthole imininingwane, sicela ubheke izindinganiso ezifanele zokuhlanza ukuhlolwa kwegumbi.
Ukutholwa kwamakamelo ahlanzekile kufanele kukhombe ngokucacile isimo sawo sokuhlala.Izimo ezihlukene zizoholela emiphumeleni yokuhlola ehlukene.Ngokwe-"Clean Room Design Code" (GB 50073-2001), ukuhlolwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile kuhlukaniswe izifunda ezintathu: isimo esingenalutho, isimo esimile kanye nesimo esiguqukayo.
(1) Isimo esingenalutho: Indawo yakhiwe, wonke amandla axhunyiwe futhi ayasebenza, kodwa azikho izinto zokukhiqiza, izinto zokwakha nabasebenzi.
(2) Kwakhiwe isimo esiqinile, okokusebenza kokukhiqiza kufakiwe, futhi kusebenza njengoba kuvunyelwene umnikazi nomphakeli, kodwa abekho abasebenzi abakhiqizayo.
(3) Isimo esinamandla sisebenza esimweni esishiwo, sinezisebenzi ezibalula ezikhona, futhi senza umsebenzi esimweni okuvunyelwene ngaso.
1. Isivinini somoya, ivolumu yomoya kanye nenani lezinguquko zomoya
Ukuhlanzeka kwamakamelo ahlanzekile nezindawo ezihlanzekile kufezwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuthumela inani elanele lomoya ohlanzekile ukuze kukhishwe futhi kuhlanjululwe ukungcola kwezinhlayiyana ezikhiqizwa ekamelweni.Ngakho-ke, kudingekile kakhulu ukukala umthamo wokunikezwa komoya, isilinganiso sesivinini somoya, ukufana kokunikezwa komoya, isiqondiso sokugeleza komoya kanye nephethini yokugeleza kwamakamelo ahlanzekile noma izinsiza ezihlanzekile.
Ukuze kuqedwe ukwamukelwa kwamaphrojekthi amagumbi ahlanzekile, "Izicaciso Zokwakhiwa Kwegumbi Elihlanzekile Nokwamukelwa" (JGJ 71-1990) yezwe lami ibeka ngokucacile ukuthi ukuhlolwa nokulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe esimweni esingenalutho noma esimweni esimile.Lo mthethonqubo ungahlola ikhwalithi yephrojekthi ngesikhathi esifanele nangendlela efanele, futhi ungagwema izingxabano ngokuvalwa kwephrojekthi ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuzuza imiphumela eguquguqukayo njengoba kuhleliwe.
Ekuhloleni kokuphothula kwangempela, izimo ezimile zivamile futhi izimo ezingenalutho azivamile.Ngoba ezinye zemishini yenqubo egumbini elihlanzekile kufanele zibe endaweni kusenesikhathi.Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kokuhlanzeka, okokusebenza kudinga ukusulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukuthikameza idatha yokuhlola.Imithetho "Ezicacisweni Zokwakhiwa Kwegumbi Elihlanzekile Nezokwamukelwa" (GB50591-2010) eziqaliswe ngoFebhuwari 1, 2011 zicaciswe kakhulu: "16.1.2 Isimo sokuhlala segumbi elihlanzekile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa sihlukaniswe kanje: ukuhlolwa kokulungiswa kobunjiniyela kufanele kungabi nalutho, Ukuhlola kanye nokuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kokwamukelwa kwephrojekthi kufanele kungabi nalutho noma kumile, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa nokuqapha ukwamukelwa kokusetshenziswa kufanele kube okuguquguqukayo, uma kudingeka, isimo sokuhlola singanqunywa ngokuxoxisana phakathi komakhi (umsebenzisi) kanye ne iqembu lokuhlola."
Ukugeleza kokuqondisa ikakhulukazi kuncike ekugelezeni komoya okuhlanzekile ukusunduza nokususa umoya ongcolile egumbini nendawo ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlanzeka kwegumbi nendawo.Ngakho-ke, isivinini somoya sesigaba sayo sokuhlinzekwa komoya kanye nokufana yimingcele ebalulekile ethinta ukuhlanzeka.Izivinini zomoya eziphakeme nezifanayo zingasusa ukungcola okukhiqizwa izinqubo zasendlini ngokushesha nangempumelelo kakhudlwana, ngakho ziyizinto zokuhlola zegumbi elihlanzekile esigxila kuzo kakhulu.
Ukugeleza okungeyona i-unidirectional ikakhulukazi kuncike emoyeni ohlanzekile ongenayo ukuze uhlambulule futhi unciphise ukungcola ekamelweni nendawo ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlanzeka kwayo.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi uma inani elikhulu lokushintsha komoya kanye nephethini yokugeleza komoya enengqondo, umphumela wokuhlanjululwa uzoba ngcono.Ngakho-ke, umthamo wokunikezwa komoya kanye nezinguquko zomoya ezihambisanayo emakamelweni ahlanzekile okugeleza okungesona isigaba esisodwa nezindawo ezihlanzekile yizinto zokuhlola ukugeleza komoya ezidonse ukunaka okukhulu.
2. Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama
Isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa nomswakama emakamelweni ahlanzekile noma ezindaweni zokusebenzela ezihlanzekile ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa ngamaleveli amabili: ukuhlola okuvamile nokuhlola okuphelele.Ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kokuqedwa esimweni esingenalutho kufaneleka kakhulu ebangeni elilandelayo;ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okubanzi kusimo esimile noma esiguqukayo kufaneleka kakhulu ebangeni elilandelayo.Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lufanele izikhathi ezinezidingo eziqinile kuzinga lokushisa nomswakama.
Lokhu kuhlola kwenziwa ngemva kokuhlolwa kokufana kokugeleza komoya kanye nokulungiswa kwesistimu ye-air conditioning.Phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokuhlolwa, uhlelo lwe-air conditioning lusebenze kahle futhi izimo ezihlukahlukene zizinzile.Kungubuncane bokufaka inzwa yokuswakama endaweni ngayinye yokulawula ukuswakama, futhi unikeze inzwa isikhathi esanele sokuzinza.Isilinganiso kufanele silungele ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kuze kube yilapho inzwa izinzile ngaphambi kokuqala ukulinganisa.Isikhathi sokulinganisa kufanele sibe ngaphezu kwamaminithi angu-5.
3. Umehluko wengcindezi
Lolu hlobo lokuhlola olokuqinisekisa amandla okugcina umehluko othile wengcindezi phakathi kwesikhungo esiqediwe nendawo ezungezile, naphakathi kwendawo ngayinye endaweni.Lokhu kutholwa kusebenza kuzo zonke izifunda ezi-3 zokuhlala.Lokhu kuhlola kubalulekile.Ukutholwa komehluko wengcindezi kufanele kwenziwe ngayo yonke iminyango ivaliwe, kusukela ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kuya ekucindezelweni okuphansi, kusukela ekamelweni elingaphakathi elikude kakhulu nangaphandle ngokwesakhiwo, bese uhlola ngaphandle ngokulandelana.Amakamelo ahlanzekile amabanga ahlukene anezimbobo ezixhumene anezikhombisi-ndlela ezifanele zokugeleza komoya kuphela ekungeneni.
Izidingo zokuhlola umehluko wengcindezi:
(1) Uma yonke iminyango endaweni ehlanzekile idingeka ukuthi ivalwe, umehluko wengcindezi emile uyalinganiswa.
(2) Ekamelweni elihlanzekile, qhubeka ngokulandelana ukusuka phezulu ukuya ekuhlanzekeni okuphansi kuze kube yilapho kutholwa igumbi elingena ngokuqondile ngaphandle.
(3) Uma kungekho ukugeleza komoya egumbini, umlomo weshubhu lokulinganisa kufanele usethwe kunoma iyiphi indawo, futhi indawo yomlomo yeshubhu yokulinganisa kufanele ihambisane nokugeleza komoya.
(4) Idatha elinganisiwe nerekhodiwe kufanele inembile ku-1.0Pa.
Izinyathelo zokuthola umehluko wengcindezi:
(1) Vala yonke iminyango.
(2) Sebenzisa igeji yokulinganisa ingcindezi ukuze ulinganise umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwegumbi ngalinye elihlanzekile, phakathi kwamaphasishi ahlanzekile, naphakathi kwephaseji nomhlaba wangaphandle.
(3) Yonke idatha kufanele irekhodwe.
Izimfuneko ezijwayelekile zomehluko wengcindezi:
(1) Umehluko wengcindezi emile phakathi kwamagumbi ahlanzekile noma izindawo ezihlanzekile zamazinga ahlukene kanye namagumbi angahlanzekile (izindawo) kudingeka ukuthi ube ngaphezu kuka-5Pa.
(2) Umehluko wengcindezi emile phakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile (indawo) nangaphandle kudingeka ube ngaphezu kuka-10Pa.
(3) Emakamelweni ahlanzekile okugeleza okugeleza ngakunye anamazinga okuhlanzeka komoya aqine kune-ISO 5 (Class100), lapho umnyango uvulwa, ukugcwala kothuli endaweni yokusebenza yasendlini engu-0.6m ngaphakathi komnyango kufanele kube ngaphansi komkhawulo wokugxilisa uthuli weleveli ehambisanayo. .
(4) Uma lezi zidingo ezijwayelekile ezingenhla zingahlangatshezwana nazo, umthamo womoya ohlanzekile kanye nevolumu yomoya okhipha umoya okhiphayo kufanele kulungiswe kuze kube kufanelekile.
4. Izinhlayiya ezimisiwe
(1) Abahloli basendlini kufanele bagqoke izingubo ezihlanzekile futhi kufanele zibe zincane kunabantu ababili.Kufanele zibe sehlangothini lokwehlisa umoya endaweni yokuhlola futhi ziqhelelene nendawo yokuhlola.Kufanele banyakaze kancane lapho beshintsha amaphuzu ukuze bagweme ukwanda kokugxambukela kwabasebenzi ekuhlanzekeni kwangaphakathi.
(2) Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kumele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokulinganiswa.
(3) Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kumele zisulwe ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlolwa.
(4) Endaweni yokugeleza okungaqondile, uphenyo lwesampula olukhethiwe kufanele lusondele kumasampula aguquguqukayo, futhi ukuchezuka kwesivinini somoya esingena kuphenyo lwesampula kanye nesivinini somoya esithathwayo kufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-20%.Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, imbobo yesampula kufanele ibhekane nesiqondiso esikhulu sokugeleza komoya.Kumaphoyinti okusampula okugeleza okungewona ohlangothi olulodwa, imbobo yesampula kufanele iphakame iqonde phezulu.
(5) Ipayipi elixhumayo elisuka embotsheni yesampula ukuya kunzwa yesibali sezinhlayiyana zothuli kufanele libe lifushane ngangokunokwenzeka.
5. Amagciwane antantayo
Inombolo yamasampula ezindawo eziphansi ihambisana nenani lamaphoyinti okusampula ezinhlayiyana amisiwe.Amaphuzu okulinganisa endaweni yokusebenza angaba ngu-0.8-1.2m ngaphezu komhlaba.Amaphoyinti okulinganisa ezindaweni zokuphakela umoya aqhele ngo-30cm ukusuka endaweni yokuphakelwa komoya.Amaphuzu okulinganisa angengezwa kumathuluzi abalulekile noma kumabanga omsebenzi obalulekile., iphuzu ngalinye lesampula livame ukusampula kanye.
6. Amagciwane azinzile
Sebenza ebangeni elingu-0.8-1.2m ukusuka phansi.Beka isidlo sePetri esilungisiwe endaweni yesampula.Vula ikhava yesitsha sikaPetri.Ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, vala futhi isidlo sikaPetri.Beka isitsha sePetri ku-incubator yokushisa engashintshi ukuze ulinywe.Isikhathi esidingekayo ngaphezu kwamahora angama-48, iqoqo ngalinye kufanele libe nokuhlolwa kokulawula ukuhlola ukungcoliswa kwendawo yesiko.
7. Umsindo
Uma ukuphakama kokulinganisa kungamamitha angu-1.2 ukusuka phansi futhi indawo yegumbi elihlanzekile ingaphakathi kwamamitha-skwele angu-15, iphuzu elilodwa kuphela phakathi nendawo yekamelo lingalinganiswa;uma indawo ingaphezu kwamamitha-skwele angu-15, amaphuzu amane e-diagonal kufanele futhi akalwe, iphuzu elilodwa le-1 ukusuka odongeni oluhlangothini, amaphuzu okulinganisa abheke ekhoneni ngalinye.
8. Ukukhanyisa
Indawo yokulinganisa iqhele ngamamitha angu-0.8 ukusuka phansi, futhi amaphuzu ahlelwe ngamamitha angu-2 ukuhlukana.Emakamelo angaphakathi kwamamitha-skwele angama-30, izindawo zokulinganisa ziqhele ngamamitha angu-0.5 ukusuka odongeni oluseceleni.Emakamelo amakhulu kunamamitha-skwele angama-30, izindawo zokulinganisa ziqhele ngemitha eyi-1 ukusuka odongeni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-14-2023