Ngokujwayelekile lisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni noma ocwaningweni lwesayensi, igumbi elihlanzekile liyindawo elawulwayo enezinga eliphansi lokungcolisa umoya njengothuli, amagciwane ahamba emoyeni, izinhlayiya ze-aerosol, nomhwamuko wamakhemikhali. Ukuze kube okuqondile, igumbi elihlanzekile linezinga elilawulwayo lokungcola elicaciswa inani lezinhlayiya nge-cubic meter ngayinye kusayizi wezinhlayiyana ezithile. Umoya ozungezile ngaphandle endaweni evamile yedolobha uqukethe izinhlayiya ezingu-35,000,000 i-cubic meter ngayinye, i-micron engu-0.5 nangaphezulu ngobubanzi, ohambelana negumbi le-ISO 9 elihlanzekile elisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lezindinganiso zegumbi elihlanzekile.
Hlanza Igumbi Ukubuka konke
Amakamelo ahlanzekile asetshenziswa cishe kuyo yonke imboni lapho izinhlayiya ezincane zingathinta kabi inqubo yokukhiqiza. Ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu nobunkimbinkimbi, futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nokukhiqiza i-semiconductor, ezemithi, i-biotech, idivayisi yezokwelapha kanye nesayensi yezempilo, kanye nenqubo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza evamile ku-aerospace, optics, ezempi kanye nomnyango wezamandla.
Igumbi elihlanzekile yinoma iyiphi indawo equkethwe lapho amalungiselelo enziwa ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiyana nokulawula ezinye izimiso zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokucindezela. Ingxenye eyinhloko yisihlungi Somoya Osebenza Ngokusebenza Kakhulu (i-HEPA) esisetshenziselwa ukubamba izinhlayiya ezingama-micron angu-0.3 nangaphezulu ngosayizi. Wonke umoya olethwa egumbini elihlanzekile udlula kuzihlungi ze-HEPA, futhi kwezinye izimo lapho ukusebenza kwenhlanzeko eqinile kuyadingeka, kusetshenziswa izihlungi ze-Ultra Low Particulate Air (ULPA).
Abasebenzi abakhethelwe ukusebenza emagumbini ahlanzekile baqeqeshwa kabanzi ngethiyori yokulawula ukungcoliswa. Bangena baphinde baphume egumbini elihlanzekile ngezingidi zomoya, izihlambi zomoya kanye/noma namakamelo okugqokisa, futhi kufanele bagqoke izingubo ezikhethekile eziklanyelwe ukubamba ukungcola okudalwa yisikhumba nomzimba ngokwemvelo.
Ngokuya ngokuhlukaniswa kwegumbi noma umsebenzi, ukugqokwa kwezisebenzi kungase kulinganiselwe njengamajazi aselebhu namanethi ezinwele, noma kubanzi njengokumbozwe ngokugcwele ngamasudi kagwaja onezingqimba eziningi anezinto zokuphefumula eziziphethe.
Izingubo zegumbi ezihlanzekile zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izinto ekukhishweni emzimbeni womuntu ozigqokile futhi zingcolise indawo ezungezile. Izingubo zegumbi ezihlanzekile ngokwazo akumele zikhiphe izinhlayiya noma imicu ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngabasebenzi. Lolu hlobo lokungcoliswa kwabasebenzi lungehlisa isithunzi ukusebenza komkhiqizo kuma-semiconductor kanye nezimboni zemithi futhi lungabangela ukuthelelana ngezifo phakathi kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha neziguli embonini yezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngokwesibonelo.
Izingubo zasekamelweni ezihlanzekile zihlanganisa amabhuzu, izicathulo, amaphinifa, izembozo zentshebe, amakepisi ama-bouffant, izembozo, imaski yobuso, amajazi ama-frocks/lab, amajazi, amagilavu nombhede weminwe, amanethi ezinwele, amahood, imikhono nesembozo sezicathulo. Uhlobo lwezingubo zegumbi ezihlanzekile ezisetshenzisiwe kufanele zibonise ikamelo elihlanzekile kanye nemininingwane yomkhiqizo. Amakamelo ahlanzekile asezingeni eliphansi angase adinge kuphela izicathulo ezikhethekile ezinezingqimba ezibushelelezi ngokuphelele ezingalandeleli othulini noma ukungcola. Kodwa-ke, izinqe zezicathulo akufanele zidale izingozi ezishelelayo njengoba ukuphepha kuhlala kuqala. Kudingeka isudi yegumbi elihlanzekile ukuze ungene ekamelweni elihlanzekile. Amagumbi ahlanzekile ekilasi elingu-10,000 angase asebenzise ama-smocks alula, amakhava ekhanda, namabhuzu. Emakamelweni ahlanzekile ekilasi le-10, izinqubo zokucophelela zokugqoka igawuni ezinoziphu wekhava konke, amabhuzu, amagilavu kanye nendawo evalekile yokuphefumula iyadingeka.
Izimiso Zokugeleza Komoya Ekamelweni
Amakamelo ahlanzekile agcina umoya ongenazo izingxenyana ngokusebenzisa izihlungi ze-HEPA noma ze-ULPA ezisebenzisa izimiso zokugeleza komoya ezinyakazayo. I-Laminar, noma i-unidirectional, amasistimu wokugeleza komoya aqondisa umoya ohlungiwe phansi ngendlela egelezayo. Amasistimu wokugeleza komoya we-laminar ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kuwo wonke u-100% ophahleni ukuze kugcinwe ukugeleza okungaguquki okungaguquki. Inqubo yokugeleza kwe-laminar ivamise ukushiwo eziteshini zokusebenza eziphathwayo (ama-LF hoods), futhi igunyazwe ku-ISO-1 ngamakamelo ahlanzekile ahlelwe nge-ISO-4.
Idizayini efanele yegumbi elihlanzekile ihlanganisa lonke uhlelo lokusatshalaliswa komoya, kuhlanganise nezihlinzeko zokubuya komoya okwanele, okwehla nomfula. Emagumbini okugeleza aqondile, lokhu kusho ukusetshenziswa komoya odongeni ophansi obuyayo eduze komjikelezo wendawo. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokugeleza okuvundlile, kudinga ukusetshenziswa kokubuyiselwa komoya emngceleni ongezansi wohlelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ceiling mounted air returns kuyaphikisana nokwakhiwa kwesistimu yegumbi elihlanzekile.
Hlanza Izigaba Zegumbi
Amakamelo ahlanzekile ahlukaniswa ngokuthi uhlanzeke kangakanani umoya. Ku-Federal Standard 209 (A kuya ku-D) yase-USA, inani lezinhlayiyana ezilingana nelikhulu kuno-0.5µm likalwa ku-cubic foot eyodwa yomoya, futhi lesi sibalo sisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa igumbi elihlanzekile. Le metric nomenclature yamukelwa enguqulweni yakamuva kakhulu ye-209E Yezinga. I-Federal Standard 209E isetshenziswa ekhaya. Izinga elisha yi-TC 209 evela ku-International Standards Organisation. Womabili la mazinga ahlukanisa igumbi elihlanzekile ngenani lezinhlayiya ezitholakala emoyeni welabhorethri. Izindinganiso zokuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile FS 209E kanye ne-ISO 14644-1 zidinga izilinganiso zesibalo sezinhlayiyana ezithile kanye nezibalo ukuze kuhlukaniswe izinga lokuhlanzeka kwegumbi elihlanzekile noma indawo ehlanzekile. E-UK, i-British Standard 5295 isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amagumbi ahlanzekile. Leli zinga selizothathelwa indawo yi-BS EN ISO 14644-1.
Amakamelo ahlanzekile ahlukaniswa ngokwenani nosayizi wezinhlayiya ezivunyelwe umthamo womoya ngamunye. Izinombolo ezinkulu ezifana ne-"class 100" noma "class 1000" zibhekisela ku-FED_STD-209E, futhi zisho inani lezinhlayiya zosayizi ongu-0.5 µm noma ezinkulu ezivunyelwe nge-cubic foot ngayinye yomoya. Izinga libuye livumele ukuhumusha, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuchaza isib "iklasi 2000."
Izinombolo ezincane zibhekisela kumazinga e-ISO 14644-1, acacisa i-logarithm yedesimali yenani lezinhlayiya ezingu-0.1 µm noma ezinkulu ezivunyelwe nge-cubic meter yomoya ngayinye. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, igumbi elihlanzekile le-ISO class 5 okungenani linezinhlayiya ezingu-105 = 100,000 m³ ngayinye.
Kokubili i-FS 209E ne-ISO 14644-1 ithatha ubudlelwano belogi phakathi kosayizi wezinhlayiyana nokugxiliswa kwezinhlayiyana. Ngaleso sizathu, ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi i-zero particle concentration. Umoya wegumbi elijwayelekile ucishe ube yisigaba 1,000,000 noma i-ISO 9.
I-ISO 14644-1 Amazinga Ahlanzekile Egumbi
| Ikilasi | Ubuningi bezinhlayiya/m3 | I-FED STD 209EE efanayo | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5µm | >=1 µm | >=5µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Ikilasi 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Ikilasi le-10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Ikilasi 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Ikilasi 1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Ikilasi 10,000 | |||
| I-ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Ikilasi 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Umoya Wegumbi | |||
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-29-2023