Imvamisa esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni noma ekucwaningweni kwesayensi, igumbi elihlanzekile yindawo elawulwa elinezinga eliphansi lokungcola okufana nothuli, amagciwane asolwandle, izinhlayiya zamakhemikhali, kanye namakhekhe amakhemikhali. Ukuba ngqo, igumbi elihlanzekile linezinga elilawulwayo lokungcoliswa okucaciswe yinombolo yezinhlayiya nge-cubic metres kusayizi wezinhlayiyana ezicacisiwe. Umoya omist ngaphandle endaweni yedolobha elijwayelekile uqukethe izinhlayiya ezingama-35,000,000 ngemitha eyi-cubic, i-micron engu-0.5 enkulu futhi ehambelana nobubanzi, ehambelana negumbi elihlanzekile elisezingeni eliphansi lamazinga egumbi ahlanzekile.
Sibutsetelo segumbi elihlanzekile
Amakamelo ahlanzekile asetshenziswa cishe yonke imboni lapho izinhlayiya ezincane zithinta kabi inqubo yokwenza. Ziyehluka ngosayizi nobunzima, futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nokukhiqiza i-semiconductor, amakhamishini, i-biotech, idivaysi yezokwelapha kanye nesayensi yokuphila evamile e-aerospace, i-Optics, ezempi kanye nomnyango wamandla.
Igumbi elihlanzekile yinoma yisiphi isikhala esiqukethwe lapho kunikezwa khona ukunikezwa ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhubaza nokulawula amanye amapharamitha wezemvelo afana nokushisa, umswakama kanye nengcindezi. Ingxenye esemqoka ingukuhlunga okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-Air (Hepa) okusetshenziselwa ukubopha izinhlayiya ezi-0,3 micron futhi zikhudlwana ngosayizi. Yonke indawo enikelwe egumbini elihlanzekile idlula ezihlungi ze-hepa, futhi kwezinye izikhathi ukusebenza okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo, kusetshenziswa izihlungi ze-Ultra.
Abasebenzi abakhethwe ukuthi basebenze emakamelweni ahlanzekile aqeqeshelwe ukuqeqeshwa okuningana emcabangweni wokulawula. Bangena futhi baphume egumbini elihlanzekile ngama-airlocks, ama-air boorers kanye / noma amakamelo okugibela, futhi kufanele agqoke izingubo ezikhethekile ezenzelwe ukubopha izikhumba kanye nomzimba.
Ngokuya ngecala lokuhlukaniswa kwamakamelo noma umsebenzi, ukugawulwa kwabasebenzi kungahle kube kukhawulelwe njengamajazi welebhu nezinwele, noma kukhudlwana njengokumbozwa okugcwele okuhlotshiswe ngokugcwele ku-bunny amasudi amaningi ngokuzimela izinto zokuphefumula.
I-Clean Igumbi lezingubo zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela izinto zokukhishwa emzimbeni we-Wearner futhi zingcolise imvelo. Izingubo zegumbi elihlanzekile ngokwazo akumele zidedele izinhlayiya noma imicu ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngabasebenzi. Lolu hlobo lokungcoliswa kwabasebenzi lungenisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo ku-semiconductor kanye nezimboni zemithi futhi kungadala ukutheleleka phakathi kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye neziguli embonini yezempilo ngokwesibonelo.
Izingubo zegumbi elihlanzekile zifaka amabhuzu, izicathulo, ama-apors, izembozo zentshebe, ama-covall ama-covall, amajazi welebhu, amajazi, ama-glove, ama-gloves, ama-hood, imikhono kanye nezimbozo zezicathulo. Uhlobo lwezingubo zegumbi elihlanzekile olusetshenzisiwe kufanele lubonise igumbi elihlanzekile kanye nokucaciswa komkhiqizo. Amakamelo ahlanzekile aphansi angadinga kuphela izicathulo ezikhethekile ezinama-soles abushelelezi ngokuphelele angalandeleli othulini noma ekungcoleni. Kodwa-ke, ama-shoe wortoms akumele adale izingozi ezishelelayo ngoba ukuphepha kuhlale kuthatha ngaphambili. Isudi yegumbi elihlanzekile livame ukudingeka ukufaka igumbi elihlanzekile. Amakamelo ahlanzekile ayi-10,000 angasebenzisa ama-smock alula, izembozo zekhanda, namabhuzu. Okokuhlanza amakamelo ahlanzekile, ama-gown agqoke izinqubo ezigqoke isembozo se-zipped yonke, amabhuzu, amagilavu kanye nokuvalelwa kokuphefumula okuphelele kuyadingeka.
Izimiso Zokugeleza Kwezinkampani Ezihlanzekile
Amakamelo ahlanzekile agcina umoya ongenacala ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-hepa noma izihlungi ze-ULPA ezisebenzisa izimiso zokugeleza komoya we-laminanar noma ezinesiyaluyalu. I-Laminar, noma i-UnidiRectional, izinhlelo zokugeleza komoya ziqondisa umoya ohlungiwe phansi emfuleni ongaguquki. Ama-Laminar Air Flow Systems ajwayele ukuqashwa ngaphesheya kwe-100% yophahla ukuze alondoloze ukugeleza okungapheli. Izindlela zokugeleza ze-Laminar zivame ukushiwo eziteshini zomsebenzi eziphathwayo (ama-lf hoods), futhi zigunyazwe ku-ISO-1 ngamakamelo okuhlanza ama-Iso-4 ahlukaniswe.
Idizayini efanele yegumbi elihlanzekile ibandakanya lonke uhlelo lokusabalalisa komoya, kufaka phakathi nezinhlinzeko zokwaziswa ngomoya okwanele, ezansi komfula. Emakamelo okugeleza okuthe mpo, lokhu kusho ukusetshenziswa komoya ophansi odongeni ubuyela endaweni ezungezile yendawo. Ezisetshenzisweni ezivundlile ze-Flow, kudinga ukusetshenziswa komoya kubuya emngceleni ophansi wenqubo. Ukusetshenziswa kophahla olubekwe ophahleni lwembuyiselo kuyaphikisana nokwakheka kahle kohlelo lwegumbi lokuhlanza.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile
Amakamelo ahlanzekile ahlukaniswa ngendlela ehlanza ngayo umoya. Ku-Federal Standard 209 (a to d) ye-USA, inani lezinhlayiya elilingana no-0,5μm lilinganiswa ngomoya owodwa we-cubic onyaweni, futhi lesi sibalo sisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa igumbi elihlanzekile. Le metric lenclature nayo yamukelwa enguqulweni yakamuva kakhulu ye-209e yeZinga. I-Federal Standard 209E isetshenziswa ekhaya. I-Newveral Standard yi-TC 209 evela enhlanganweni yamazinga aphesheya. Womabili la mazinga ahlukanise igumbi elihlanzekile ngenani lezinhlayiya ezitholakala emoyeni welebhu. Amazinga wokuhlanza amakamelo ahlanzekile FS 209E kanye ne-ISO 14644-1 adinga izilinganiso ezikhethekile zokubala izinhlayiya nokubalwa kokuhlukanisa izinga lokuhlanzeka kwegumbi elihlanzekile noma indawo ehlanzekile. E-UK, iBritish Standard 5295 isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amakamelo ahlanzekile. Leli Zinga lisezokwedluliswa yi-BS En ISO 14644-1.
Amakamelo ahlanzekile ahlukaniswa ngokuya ngenombolo nosayizi wezinhlayiya ezivunyelwe ngevolumu yomoya. Amanani amakhulu afana ne- "Class 100" noma "isigaba 1000" abhekisele ku-Fed_STD-209E, futhi achaze inani lezinhlayiya zosayizi 0.5 μm noma livunyelwa ngonyawo olukhudlwana. Izinga futhi livumela ukuhunyushwa, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuchaza isib. "Class 2000."
Amanani amancane abhekisela kumazinga we-ISO 14644-1, acacisa i-decimal logarithm yenani lezinhlayiya 0.1 μm noma libe livunyelwe ngalinye ngalinye le-cubic lemitha yomoya. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, igumbi elihlanzekile le-ISO 5 linezinhlayiya eziningi ze-105 = 100,000 nge-M³.
Womabili ama-FS 209E kanye ne-ISO 14644-1 Thatha ubudlelwano bog-log phakathi kobukhulu bezinhlayiyana kanye nokugxilwa kwezinhlayiyana. Ngaleso sizathu, ayikho into efana ne-zero particle ukugxila. Umoya wekamelo elijwayelekile ucishe abe yi-Class 1,000,000 noma i-ISO 9.
I-ISO 14644-1 amazinga egumbi elihlanzekile
| Bhanqa | Izinhlayiya eziphezulu / m3 | Fed std 209equivalent | |||||
| > = 0.1 μm | > = 0.2 μm | > = 0.3 μm | > = 0.5 μm | > = 1 μm | > = 5 μm | ||
| Iso 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| Iso 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Isigaba 1 | |
| Iso 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Isigaba 10 | |
| Iso 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | I-10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Isigaba 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | I-237,000 | I-102,000 | 35,200 | I-8,320 | 293 | I-1,000 |
| Iso 7 | I-352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Class 10,000 | |||
| Iso 8 | 3,520,000 | I-832,000 | 29,300 | Class 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | Ngo-293,000 | Umoya wekamelo | |||
Isikhathi sePosi: Mar-29-2023