Igumbi elihlanzekile kufanele lihlangabezane namazinga enhlangano yamazwe omhlaba (ISO) ukuze ihlukaniswe. I-ISO, eyasungulwa ngo-1947, yasungulwa ukuze kusetshenziswe amazinga aphesheya kwezinto ezibucayi zocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nemikhuba yebhizinisi, njengokusebenza namakhemikhali, nezinsimbi ezibucayi. Yize le nhlangano yenziwa ngokuzithandela, amazinga asunguliwe abeke izimiso zesekethe ezihlonishwa izinhlangano emhlabeni jikelele. Namuhla, i-ISO inamazinga angaphezu kuka-20,000 ezinkampani ezizosebenzisa njengesiqondisi.
Igumbi lokuqala elihlanzekile lakhiwa futhi yaklanywa nguWillis Whemield ngo-1960. Injongo nenhloso yegumbi elihlanzekile ukuvikela izinqubo nokuqukethwe kwayo kunoma yiziphi izinto zemvelo zayo. Abantu abasebenzisa igumbi nezinto ezihlolwe noma ezakhiwe kuwo zingavimbela igumbi elihlanzekile ukuthi lihlangane namazinga alo wokuhlanzeka. Izilawuli ezikhethekile ziyadingeka ukuqeda lezi zinto eziyinkinga ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile kulinganisa izinga lokuhlanzeka ngokubala usayizi nenani lezinhlayiya ngevolumu ye-cubic yomoya. Amayunithi aqala e-ISO 1 bese uya ku-ISO 9, nge-ISO 1 eba yileveli ephezulu yokuhlanzeka ngenkathi i-ISO 9 iyona enobuhlakani. Amakamelo amaningi ahlanzekile awela ebangeni le-ISO 7 noma eli-8.
Inhlangano Yezizwe Yokulinganisa Amazinga
| Bhanqa | Izinhlayiya eziphezulu / m3 | Fed std 209e -Lingene | |||||
| > = 0.1 μm | > = 0.2 μm | > = 0.3 μm | > = 0.5 μm | > = 1 μm | > = 5 μm | ||
| Iso 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| Iso 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Isigaba 1 | |
| Iso 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Isigaba 10 | |
| Iso 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | I-10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Isigaba 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | I-237,000 | I-102,000 | 35,200 | I-8,320 | 293 | I-1,000 |
| Iso 7 | I-352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Class 10,000 | |||
| Iso 8 | 3,520,000 | I-832,000 | 29,300 | Class 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | Ngo-293,000 | Umoya wekamelo | |||
Ama-Federal Standards 209 E - Izigaba zamazinga egumbi ahlanzekile
| Izinhlayiya eziphezulu / m3 | |||||
| Bhanqa | > = 0.5 μm | > = 1 μm | > = 5 μm | > = 10 μm | > = 25 μm |
| Isigaba 1 | I-3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Isigaba 2 | 300,000 | 2000 | 30 | ||
| Isigaba 3 | 1,000,000 | 20,000 | 4,000 | 300 | |
| Isigaba 4 | 20,000 | 40,000 | 4,000 | ||
Ungawugcina kanjani ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile
Njengoba inhloso yegumbi elihlanzekile ukutadisha noma ukusebenza ngezinto ezintekenteke nezintekenteke, kungabonakala kungathandeki ukuthi into engcolisiwe izofakwa endaweni enjalo. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kuyingozi, futhi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuyilawula.
Kunezinto ezimbili eziguquguqukayo ezinganciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile. Ukuhluka kokuqala ngabantu abasebenzisa igumbi. Okwesibili yizinto noma izinto zokwakha ezilethwa kukho. Akunandaba nokunikezelwa kwabasebenzi begumbi elihlanzekile, amaphutha azokwenzeka. Lapho sishesha, abantu bangakhohlwa ukulandela zonke izimiso, bagqoke izingubo ezingafanele, noma banganaki esinye isici sokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.
Emzameni wokulawula lokhu okwengamele, izinkampani zinezidingo zohlobo lwabasebenzi be-Attire Clean Room kumele bagqoke, okuthintwa izinqubo ezidingekayo egumbini elihlanzekile. Ingubo evamile yegumbi elihlanzekile ifaka ukumbozwa kwezinyawo, ama-cap noma amanetha izinwele, ukugqokwa kwamehlo, amagilavu kanye nengubo. Amazinga aqine kakhulu asho ukugqokwa kwamasudi omzimba agcwele anokuhlinzekelwa komoya okuqukethwe okuvimbela ogqokile ngokungcolisa igumbi elihlanzekile ngokuphefumula.
Izinkinga zokugcina ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile
Ikhwalithi yohlelo lokujikeleza komoya egumbini elihlanzekile yinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ehlobene nokugcina ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile. Noma igumbi elihlanzekile selivele lithole ukuhlukaniswa, ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kungashintsha kalula noma kulahlekelwe ngokuphelele uma kunesistimu ye-Filtration yomoya empofu. Uhlelo luncike kakhulu kwinani lokuhlunga okudingekayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokugeleza komoya.
Into eyodwa enkulu okufanele icatshangwe yizindleko, okuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokugcina igumbi elihlanzekile. Ekuhleleni ukwakha igumbi elihlanzekile elisezingeni elithile, abakhiqizi badinga ukuthatha izinto ezimbalwa zibhekwe. Into yokuqala yinombolo yokuhlunga okudingekayo ukugcina ikhwalithi yomoya yekamelo. Into yesibili okufanele icatshangelwe uhlelo lokufaka umoya ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izinga lokushisa elingaphakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile lihlala lizinzile. Ekugcineni, into yesithathu ukuklanywa kwegumbi. Ezimweni eziningi kakhulu, izinkampani zizocela igumbi elihlanzekile elikhudlwana noma lincane kunalokho abakudingayo. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele kuhlaziywe ngokucophelela ukuze kuhlangane nezidingo eziqondile zohlelo lwayo oluhlosiwe.
Yiziphi izimboni ezidinga ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile kunabo bonke?
Njengobuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kunezici ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwamadivayisi wezobuchwepheshe. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ukuphathwa kwezinto ezincane ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwensiza ebucayi.
Isidingo esisobala kakhulu se-Ogache-Free Imvelo yimboni yezemithi lapho kuvela khona amakhaza noma ukungcola komoya ngokonakalisa ukwenziwa kwemithi. Izimboni ezikhiqiza imibuthano eyinkimbinkimbi yezinsimbi eziqondile kufanele ziqiniseke ukuthi ukukhiqiza nomhlangano kuvikelwe. Lezi zimbili kuphela zezimboni eziningi ezisetshenziswa amakamelo ahlanzekile. Ezinye ziyi-aerospace, Optics, ne-nanotechnology. Amadivayisi wezobuchwepheshe asebushelelezi futhi azwela kakhulu kunangaphambili, yingakho amakamelo ahlanzekile azoqhubeka nokuba yinto ebucayi ekukhiqizweni okusebenzayo nokukhiqizwa.
Isikhathi sePosi: Mar-29-2023