Igumbi elihlanzekile kufanele lihlangabezane namazinga e-International Organisation of Standardization (ISO) ukuze lihlukaniswe. I-ISO, eyasungulwa ngo-1947, yasungulwa ukuze kusetshenziswe izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezicini ezibucayi zocwaningo lwesayensi nezinqubo zebhizinisi, ezifana nokusebenza ngamakhemikhali, izinto eziguquguqukayo, namathuluzi abucayi. Nakuba inhlangano idalwe ngokuzithandela, izindinganiso ezimisiwe zibeke imigomo eyisisekelo ehlonishwa izinhlangano emhlabeni wonke. Namuhla, i-ISO inamazinga angaphezu kuka-20,000 ezinkampani okufanele ziwasebenzise njengomhlahlandlela.
Igumbi lokuqala elihlanzekile lathuthukiswa futhi laklanywa nguWillis Whitfield ngo-1960. Idizayini nenjongo yekamelo elihlanzekile ukuvikela izinqubo nokuqukethwe kwalo kunoma yiziphi izici ezingaphandle kwemvelo. Abantu abasebenzisa igumbi nezinto ezihloliwe noma ezakhiwe kulo bangase bavimbe ikamelo elihlanzekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezindinganiso zalo zokuhlanzeka. Izilawuli ezikhethekile ziyadingeka ukuze kuqedwe lezi zinto eziyinkinga ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile kulinganisa izinga lokuhlanzeka ngokubala usayizi nenani lezinhlayiya ngevolumu ngayinye ye-cubic yomoya. Amayunithi aqala ku-ISO 1 aye ku-ISO 9, i-ISO 1 ibe izinga eliphakeme lokuhlanzeka kuyilapho i-ISO 9 ingcolile kakhulu. Amakamelo amaningi ahlanzekile awela ebangeni le-ISO 7 noma 8.
Inhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokumisa Amazinga Engxenye
| Ikilasi | Ubuningi bezinhlayiya/m3 | I-FED STD 209E Kuyalingana | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5µm | >=1 µm | >=5µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Ikilasi 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Ikilasi le-10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Ikilasi 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Ikilasi 1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Ikilasi 10,000 | |||
| I-ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Ikilasi 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Umoya Wegumbi | |||
I-Federal Standards 209 E - Izigaba Ezihlanzekile Zamazinga Egumbi
| Ubuningi bezinhlayiya/m3 | |||||
| Ikilasi | >=0.5µm | >=1 µm | >=5µm | >=10 µm | >=25µm |
| Ikilasi 1 | 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ikilasi lesi-2 | 300,000 | 2,000 | 30 | ||
| Ikilasi lesi-3 | 1,000,000 | 20,000 | 4,000 | 300 | |
| Ikilasi lesi-4 | 20,000 | 40,000 | 4,000 | ||
Ukugcina kanjani ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi kuhlanzekile
Njengoba injongo yekamelo elihlanzekile kuwukufunda noma ukusebenzela ezingxenyeni ezithambile nezintekenteke, kungase kubonakale kungenakwenzeka kakhulu ukuba into engcolile ifakwe endaweni enjalo. Nokho, kuhlale kunengozi, futhi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuyilawula.
Kukhona okuguquguqukayo okubili okungehlisa ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile. Okuguquguqukayo kokuqala ngabantu abasebenzisa igumbi. Okwesibili yizinto noma izinto ezilethwa kuyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukunikezelwa kwezisebenzi zegumbi elihlanzekile, amaphutha nakanjani azokwenzeka. Uma ujahile, abantu bangase bakhohlwe ukulandela zonke izimiso, ukugqoka izingubo ezingafanele, noma ukunganaki enye ingxenye yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.
Emzamweni wokulawula lezi ziqondiso, izinkampani zinezidingo zohlobo lwabasebenzi begumbi elihlanzekile okufanele bagqoke, oluthintwa izinqubo ezidingekayo ekamelweni elihlanzekile. Izingubo zasekamelweni ezijwayelekile ezihlanzekile zibandakanya ukumbozwa ezinyaweni, amakepisi noma amanetha ezinwele, okokugqoka kwamehlo, amagilavu kanye nengubo. Imithetho eqinile ibeka ukugqokwa kwamasudi agcwele umzimba wonke anomoya ozibambayo ovimbela ogqokile ukuthi angcolise igumbi elihlanzekile ngokuphefumula kwakhe.
Izinkinga zokugcina ukuhlelwa kwegumbi kuhlanzekile
Ikhwalithi yesistimu yokujikeleza komoya ekamelweni elihlanzekile yinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ehlobene nokugcina ukuhlukaniswa kwekamelo elihlanzekile. Ngisho noma igumbi elihlanzekile selivele likutholile ukuhlukaniswa, lokho kuhlelwa kungashintsha kalula noma kulahleke ngokuphelele uma kunesistimu yokuhlunga komoya empofu. Uhlelo luncike kakhulu enanini lezihlungi ezidingekayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokugeleza komoya wazo.
Esinye isici esiyinhloko okufanele icatshangelwe izindleko, okuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokugcina igumbi lihlanzekile. Ekuhleleni ukwakha igumbi elihlanzekile ngokwezinga elithile, abakhiqizi kudingeka bacabangele izinto ezimbalwa. Into yokuqala inombolo yezihlungi ezidingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe ikhwalithi yomoya yegumbi. Into yesibili okufanele icatshangelwe uhlelo lwe-air conditioning ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile lihlala lizinzile. Ekugcineni, into yesithathu umklamo wekamelo. Ezimweni eziningi kakhulu, izinkampani zizocela ikamelo elihlanzekile elikhulu noma elincane kunalokho abalidingayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuklama kwekamelo elihlanzekile kufanele kuhlaziywe ngokucophelela ukuze kuhlangabezane nezidingo eziqondile zesicelo esihlosiwe.
Yiziphi izimboni ezidinga ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile kwamakamelo ahlanzekile?
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kunezici ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zobuchwepheshe. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ukulawulwa kwezinto ezincane ezingase ziphazamise ukusebenza kwedivayisi ebucayi.
Isidingo esisobala kakhulu sendawo engenalo ukungcola imboni yemithi lapho umhwamuko noma izinto ezingcolisa umoya zingonakalisa ukwenziwa komuthi. Izimboni ezikhiqiza amasekhethi amancane ayinkimbinkimbi wamathuluzi anembayo kufanele ziqinisekiswe ukuthi ukukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa kuvikelekile. Lezi yizimboni ezimbili kuphela kweziningi ezisebenzisa amagumbi ahlanzekile. Ezinye i-aerospace, optics, ne-nanotechnology. Imishini yobuchwepheshe isibe mincane futhi izwela kakhulu kunangaphambili, yingakho amakamelo ahlanzekile ezoqhubeka nokuba yinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni nasekukhiqizeni ngempumelelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-29-2023