Igumbi elihlanzekile kumele lihlangabezane nezindinganiso ze-International Organisation of Standardization (ISO) ukuze lihlukaniswe. I-ISO, eyasungulwa ngo-1947, yasungulwa ukuze kusetshenziswe amazinga omhlaba wonke ezicini ezibucayi zocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nemikhuba yebhizinisi, njengokusebenza ngamakhemikhali, izinto ezishintshashintshayo, kanye nezinsimbi ezibucayi. Nakuba le nhlangano yasungulwa ngokuzithandela, amazinga asungulwe abeke izimiso eziyisisekelo ezihlonishwa yizinhlangano emhlabeni jikelele. Namuhla, i-ISO inezindinganiso ezingaphezu kuka-20,000 izinkampani ezingazisebenzisa njengesiqondiso.
Igumbi lokuqala elihlanzekile lakhiwa futhi laklanywa nguWillis Whitfield ngo-1960. Umklamo nenhloso yegumbi elihlanzekile ukuvikela izinqubo zalo kanye nokuqukethwe kwalo kunoma yiziphi izici zemvelo zangaphandle. Abantu abasebenzisa igumbi nezinto ezivivinywe noma ezakhiwe kulo bangase bavimbele igumbi elihlanzekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezindinganiso zalo zokuhlanzeka. Kudingeka izilawuli ezikhethekile ukuze kususwe lezi zinto eziyinkinga ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile kulinganisa izinga lokuhlanzeka ngokubala usayizi kanye nenani lezinhlayiya ngevolumu ngayinye yomoya. Amayunithi aqala ku-ISO 1 bese eya ku-ISO 9, kanti i-ISO 1 iyizinga eliphezulu lokuhlanzeka kanti i-ISO 9 ingcolile kakhulu. Amakamelo amaningi ahlanzekile awela ebangeni le-ISO 7 noma 8.
Izindinganiso Zezinhlayiya Zenhlangano Yomhlaba Wonke Yokumisa
| Ikilasi | Izinhlayiya Eziphezulu/m3 | I-FED STD 209E Okulinganayo | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| I-ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| I-ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| I-ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Iklasi 1 | |
| I-ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Ibanga le-10 | |
| I-ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Iklasi 100 |
| I-ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Iklasi 1,000 |
| I-ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Iklasi 10,000 | |||
| I-ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Ikilasi 100,000 | |||
| I-ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Umoya Wegumbi | |||
Izindinganiso Zikahulumeni 209 E – Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezindinganiso Zegumbi Elihlanzekile
| Izinhlayiya Eziphezulu/m3 | |||||
| Ikilasi | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | >=10 µm | >=25 µm |
| Iklasi 1 | 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ibanga lesi-2 | 300,000 | 2,000 | 30 | ||
| Ibanga lesi-3 | 1,000,000 | 20,000 | 4,000 | 300 | |
| Ibanga lesi-4 | 20,000 | 40,000 | 4,000 | ||
Indlela yokugcina ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi kuhlanzekile
Njengoba inhloso yegumbi elihlanzekile iwukufunda noma ukusebenza ezintweni ezibucayi nezibuthakathaka, kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuthi into engcolile ingafakwa endaweni enjalo. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kunengozi, futhi kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuyilawula.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezingashintsha ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile. Uhlobo lokuqala ngabantu abasebenzisa igumbi. Olwesibili yizinto noma izinto ezifakwa kulo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abasebenzi begumbi elihlanzekile bazinikele kangakanani, amaphutha azokwenzeka nakanjani. Uma beshesha, abantu bangase bakhohlwe ukulandela zonke izinqubo, bagqoke izingubo ezingafanele, noma banganaki olunye uhlangothi lokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.
Ukuze kuzanywe ukulawula lokhu kwehluleka, izinkampani zinezidingo zohlobo lwezingubo okufanele abasebenzi bagqoke ekamelweni elihlanzekile, okuthintwa yizinqubo ezidingekayo ekamelweni elihlanzekile. Izingubo ezijwayelekile zegumbi elihlanzekile zihilela izembozo zezinyawo, izigqoko noma ama-hairnet, ukugqokwa kwamehlo, amagilavu kanye nengubo. Izindinganiso eziqinile zibeka ukugqokwa kwamasudi omzimba wonke anomoya ozimele ovimbela ogqokile ukuba angcolise igumbi elihlanzekile ngomoya wakhe.
Izinkinga zokugcina igumbi lihlanzekile
Ikhwalithi yesistimu yokujikeleza umoya ekamelweni elihlanzekile yinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ehlobene nokugcina ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile. Ngisho noma igumbi elihlanzekile selivele lithole ukuhlukaniswa, lokho kuhlukaniswa kungashintsha kalula noma kulahleke ngokuphelele uma linesistimu yokuhlunga umoya empofu. Uhlelo luncike kakhulu enanini lezihlungi ezidingekayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokugeleza komoya kwazo.
Isici esisodwa esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe yizindleko, okuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokugcina igumbi lihlanzekile. Ekuhleleni ukwakha igumbi elihlanzekile ngokwezinga elithile, abakhiqizi kudingeka bacabangele izinto ezimbalwa. Into yokuqala inani lezihlungi ezidingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe ikhwalithi yomoya wegumbi. Into yesibili okufanele icatshangelwe uhlelo lokupholisa umoya ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile lihlala lizinzile. Okokugcina, into yesithathu ukwakheka kwegumbi. Ezimweni eziningi kakhulu, izinkampani zizocela igumbi elihlanzekile elikhulu noma elincane kunalokho ezikudingayo. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwegumbi elihlanzekile kumele kuhlaziywe ngokucophelela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziqondile zokusetshenziswa kwalo okuhlosiwe.
Yiziphi izimboni ezidinga ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi okuhlanzekile okuqinile?
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kunezici ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwamadivayisi obuchwepheshe. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ukulawulwa kwezinto ezincane ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwedivayisi ebucayi.
Isidingo esisobala kakhulu sendawo engenakungcola yimboni yezemithi lapho umusi noma ukungcola komoya kungonakalisa ukukhiqizwa kwemithi. Izimboni ezikhiqiza izifunda ezincane eziyinkimbinkimbi zemishini eqondile kumele ziqinisekiswe ukuthi ukukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa kuvikelwe. Lezi yizimboni ezimbili kuphela kweziningi ezisebenzisa amakamelo ahlanzekile. Ezinye izindiza, i-optics, kanye ne-nanotechnology. Amadivayisi obuchwepheshe asencane futhi azwela kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, yingakho amakamelo ahlanzekile ezoqhubeka nokuba yinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni nasekukhiqizeni okuphumelelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-29-2023