Ukwakhiwa kwegumbi lokuhlanza ngokuvamile kuhilela ukwakha isikhala esikhulu ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko sohlaka lwezindlu. Kusetshenziswa izinto zokuqeda ezifanele, igumbi lokuhlanza liyahlukaniswa futhi lihlotshiswe ngokwezidingo zenqubo ukuze kudalwe igumbi lokuhlanza elihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa. Ukulawulwa kokungcola ekamelweni lokuhlanza kudinga imizamo ehlanganisiwe yochwepheshe njengezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya kanye nezinhlelo zokuzenzakalela. Izimboni ezahlukene nazo zidinga ukwesekwa okukhethekile. Isibonelo, amakamelo okusebenza ezibhedlela adinga izinhlelo ezengeziwe zokulethwa kwegesi yezokwelapha (njenge-oxygen ne-nitrogen); amakamelo okuhlanza emithi adinga amapayipi okucubungula ukuze ahlinzeke ngamanzi angenawo i-ion kanye nomoya ocindezelwe, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ukuze kuhlanzwe amanzi angcolile. Ngokusobala, ukwakhiwa kwegumbi lokuhlanza kudinga ukwakheka ngokubambisana kanye nokwakhiwa kwemikhakha eminingi (kufaka phakathi i-air conditioning, izinhlelo zokuzenzakalela, igesi, amapayipi, kanye nokukhipha amanzi).
1. Uhlelo lwe-HVAC
Kungafinyelelwa kanjani ukulawulwa okunembile kwemvelo? Uhlelo lokuhlanza umoya olusebenzisa imishini yokuhlanza umoya, amapayipi okuhlanza, kanye nezesekeli zamavalvu, lulawula imingcele yangaphakathi njengokushisa, umswakama, ukuhlanzeka, ijubane lomoya, umehluko wokucindezela, kanye nekhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi.
Izingxenye ezisebenzayo zemishini yokupholisa umoya ehlanzekile zifaka phakathi iyunithi yokuphatha umoya (AHU), iyunithi yokuhlunga abalandeli (FFU), kanye ne-air handler entsha. Izidingo zezinto zesistimu ye-Cleanroom duct: Insimbi ehlanganisiwe (emelana nokugqwala), insimbi engagqwali (yokusetshenziswa kokuhlanzeka okuphezulu), izindawo zangaphakathi ezibushelelezi (ukunciphisa ukumelana nomoya). Izingxenye ze-key valve accessory: I-constant air volume valve (CAV)/Variable air volume valve (VAV) - igcina i-air volume valve eqinile; i-electric shut-off valve (i-emergency shut-off ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa okuphambene); i-air volume control valve (ukulinganisela ingcindezi yomoya endaweni ngayinye yokukhipha umoya).
2. Ukulawula Okuzenzakalelayo kanye Nogesi
Izidingo Ezikhethekile Zokukhanyisa Nokusatshalaliswa Kwamandla: Izibani kumele zingabi nothuli futhi zingaqhumi (isb., ezindaweni zokusebenzela ze-elekthronikhi) futhi kube lula ukuzihlanza (isb., ezindaweni zokusebenzela ze-GMP zemithi). Ukukhanya kumele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso zomkhakha (isb., ≥500 lux embonini ye-elekthronikhi). Imishini ejwayelekile: Izibani zephaneli ezisicaba ze-LED eziqondene negumbi lokuhlanza (ukufakwa okuvaliwe, ngemichilo yokuvala engangeni uthuli). Izinhlobo zomthwalo wokusabalalisa amandla: Nikeza amandla kubalandeli, amaphampu, imishini yokucubungula, njll. Ukuphazamiseka kwamandla okuqala kanye nokuvumelana (isb., imithwalo ye-inverter) kumele kubalwe. Ukwehliswa: Imishini ebalulekile (isb., amayunithi okupholisa umoya) kumele inikwe amandla yizifunda ezimbili noma ifakwe i-UPS. Amaswishi namasokhethi okufakwa kwensiza: Sebenzisa insimbi engagqwali evalwe. Ukuphakama kwendawo yokufaka kufanele kugweme izindawo ezifile zokugeleza komoya (ukuvimbela ukuqongelela kothuli). Ukusebenzisana Kwesignali: Ochwepheshe bakagesi kudingeka bahlinzeke ngezifunda zesignali zamandla nokulawula (isb., 4-20mA noma ukuxhumana kwe-Modbus) zezinzwa zokushisa nomswakama zesistimu yokupholisa umoya, izinzwa zokucindezela okuhlukile, kanye nama-actuator e-damper. Ukulawula Ukucindezela Okuhlukile: Kulungisa ukuvulwa komoya omusha nama-valve okukhipha umoya ngokusekelwe ezinzwa zokucindezela okuhlukile. Ukulinganisela Umthamo Womoya: Isiguquli samaza silungisa isivinini sefeni ukuze sihlangabezane nezindawo ezibekiwe zokunikezwa, ukubuyiselwa, kanye nomthamo womoya okhipha umoya.
3. Uhlelo Lokufaka Amapayipi Enqubo
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesistimu yamapayipi: Ukuthutha ngokunembile imithombo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zobumsulwa, ingcindezi, kanye nokugeleza kwegumbi lokuhlanza lamagesi (isb., i-nitrogen, i-oxygen) kanye noketshezi (amanzi ahlanziwe, izinyibilikisi). Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcola nokuvuza, izinto zokufaka amapayipi kanye nezindlela zokuvala kumele kugweme ukuchitheka kwezinhlayiya, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokukhula kwamagciwane.
4. Ukuhlobisa Okukhethekile Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo
Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: Isimiso esithi "Six Nos" siqine kakhulu. Akunazintuli: Izinto ezikhipha ifayibha (isb. ibhodi le-gypsum, upende ojwayelekile) azivunyelwe. Kunconywa amaphaneli ensimbi ambozwe ngemibala elwa namagciwane. Akunazintuli: Ubuso kumele bungabi nezimbobo (isb., phansi okuzilinganisa nge-epoxy) ukuvimbela ukumuncwa kothuli. Kulula Ukuyihlanza: Izinto kumele zimelane nezindlela zokuhlanza ezifana namajethi amanzi anomfutho ophezulu, utshwala, kanye ne-hydrogen peroxide (isb., insimbi engagqwali enamakhona ayindilinga). Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Kumelana nama-acid, ama-alkali, kanye nezibulala-magciwane (isb., izindonga ezimbozwe nge-PVDF). Amajoyinti Angenamthungo/Aqinile: Sebenzisa ukushisela okuhlanganisiwe noma izivalo ezikhethekile (isb., i-silicone) ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane. I-Anti-static: Kudingeka ungqimba oluqhubayo (isb., ukugqwala kwe-foil yethusi) emakamelweni okuhlanza kagesi.
Izindinganiso Zokusebenza: Kudingeka ukunemba kwezinga le-millimeter. Ukuthamba: Izindawo zodonga kumele zihlolwe nge-laser ngemva kokufakwa, zibe nezikhala ≤ 0.5mm (2-3mm ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe ezakhiweni zokuhlala). Ukwelashwa Kwekona Eliyindilinga: Wonke amakhona angaphakathi nangaphandle kumele azungezwe nge-R ≥ 50mm (qhathanisa nama-engeli angakwesokudla noma imichilo yokuhlobisa engu-R 10mm ezakhiweni zokuhlala) ukuze kuncishiswe izindawo ezingaboni. Ukungangeni Komoya: Ukukhanyisa nama-socket kumele kufakwe kusengaphambili, futhi amajoyinti kumele avalwe ngeglue (efakwe ebusweni noma enezimbobo zokungenisa umoya, ezivame kakhulu ezakhiweni zokuhlala).
Ukusebenza > Ubuhle. Ukususa izithombe: Ukubumba okuhlobisayo kanye nezimo ezigobile nezigobile (ezivamile ezakhiweni zokuhlala, njengezindonga zangemuva kanye namazinga ophahla) akuvunyelwe. Yonke imiklamo yenzelwe ukuhlanza okulula nokuvimbela ukungcola. Umklamo Ofihliwe: Ipayipi lokudonsa amanzi phansi liyinsimbi engagqwali, aliphumi, futhi ibhodi eliyisisekelo lihambisana nodonga (amabhodi aphansi aphumile avamile ezakhiweni zokuhlala).
Isiphetho
Ukwakhiwa kwegumbi lokuhlanza kuhilela imikhakha eminingi kanye nemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe, okudinga ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwabo. Izinkinga kunoma yikuphi ukuxhumana zizothinta ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwegumbi lokuhlanza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 11-2025