Kunezinhlobo eziningi zegumbi elihlanzekile, njengegumbi elihlanzekile lokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo kagesi, imithi, imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukudla, imishini yezokwelapha, imishini enembile, amakhemikhali amahle, izindiza, izindiza, kanye nemikhiqizo yezimboni zenuzi. Lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zegumbi elihlanzekile zifaka phakathi isikali, izinqubo zokukhiqiza umkhiqizo, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zegumbi elihlanzekile yizinhloso ezahlukene zokulawula ukungcola endaweni ehlanzekile; ummeleli ojwayelekile ohlose ukulawula izinhlayiya ezingcolisayo yigumbi elihlanzekile lokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo kagesi, elilawula kakhulu amagciwane nezinhlayiya. Ummeleli ojwayelekile wenhloso yigumbi elihlanzekile lokukhiqizwa kwemithi. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ama-workshop okuhlanza imboni kagesi yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, njengamakamelo ahlanzekile amakhulu kakhulu okukhiqizwa kwe-chip yesekethe ehlanganisiwe, akufanele alawule kuphela izinhlayiya ze-nano-scale kuphela, kodwa futhi alawule ngokuqinile ukungcola kwamakhemikhali/ukungcola kwama-molecule emoyeni.
Izinga lokuhlanzeka komoya kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zegumbi elihlanzekile lihlobene nohlobo lomkhiqizo kanye nenqubo yalo yokukhiqiza. Izinga lokuhlanzeka lamanje elidingekayo ekamelweni elihlanzekile embonini ye-elekthronikhi yi-IS03~8. Amanye amakamelo ahlanzekile okukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi nawo afakwe imishini yenqubo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo. Idivayisi yezemvelo encane inezinga lokuhlanzeka elifinyelela ku-IS0 class 1 noma i-ISO class 2; indawo yokusebenzela ehlanzekile yokukhiqiza imithi isekelwe ezinguqulweni eziningi ze-"Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceuticals" yaseShayina yemithi ehlanzekile, imithi engahlanzekile, Kunemithethonqubo ecacile emazingeni okuhlanzeka kwegumbi elihlanzekile okulungiselela imithi yendabuko yaseShayina, njll. I-"Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceuticals" yamanje yaseShayina ihlukanisa amazinga okuhlanzeka komoya abe amazinga amane: A, B, C, kanye no-D. Uma sibheka izinhlobo ezahlukene zegumbi elihlanzekile linezinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza umkhiqizo, izikali ezahlukene, kanye namazinga ahlukene okuhlanzeka. Ubuchwepheshe bobungcweti, imishini kanye nezinhlelo, ubuchwepheshe bamapayipi namapayipi, izikhungo zikagesi, njll. ezihilelekile ekwakhiweni kobunjiniyela ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Okuqukethwe kokwakhiwa kobunjiniyela kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zegumbi elihlanzekile kuhlukile.
Isibonelo, okuqukethwe kokwakhiwa kwama-workshop ahlanzekile embonini yama-elekthronikhi kuhluke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamadivayisi kagesi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Okuqukethwe kokwakhiwa kwama-workshop ahlanzekile enqubo yangaphambi kwenqubo kanye nokupakisha kokukhiqizwa kwesekethe ehlanganisiwe nakho kuhlukile kakhulu. Uma kuyimikhiqizo ye-microelectronic, okuqukethwe kokwakhiwa kobunjiniyela kwegumbi elihlanzekile, ikakhulukazi kokukhiqizwa kwe-wafer yesekethe ehlanganisiwe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaphaneli e-LCD, kufaka phakathi: (ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko sefektri, njll.) ukuhlobisa isakhiwo segumbi elihlanzekile, ukufakwa kohlelo lokupholisa umoya, uhlelo lokukhipha umoya/lokukhipha umoya kanye nokufakwa kwesikhungo salo sokwelapha, ukufakwa kwamanzi kanye nesikhungo sokukhipha amanzi (kufaka phakathi amanzi okupholisa, amanzi omlilo, uhlelo lwamanzi ahlanzekile/lwamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu, amanzi angcolile okukhiqiza, njll.), ukufakwa kwesikhungo sokunikeza igesi (kufaka phakathi uhlelo lwegesi oluningi, uhlelo lwegesi olukhethekile, uhlelo lomoya olucindezelwe, njll.), ukufakwa kwesistimu yokunikeza amakhemikhali, ukufakwa kwezikhungo zikagesi (kufaka phakathi izintambo zikagesi, amadivayisi kagesi, njll.). Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwemithombo yegesi yezikhungo zokunikeza igesi, izikhungo zomthombo wamanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile nezinye izinhlelo, kanye nokuhlukahluka nobunzima bemishini ehlobene, iningi lazo alifakwanga ezimbonini ezihlanzekile, kodwa amapayipi azo avamile.
Ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwezindawo zokulawula umsindo, amadivayisi okulwa nokudlidliza okuncane, amadivayisi okulwa nokunganyakazi, njll. emakamelweni ahlanzekile kuyethulwa. Okuqukethwe kokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokusebenzela ezihlanzekile zokukhiqiza imithi kufaka phakathi ukuhlobisa isakhiwo samakamelo ahlanzekile, ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya, kanye nokufakwa kwezinhlelo zokukhipha umoya. , ukufakwa kwezindawo zokuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nezindawo zokukhipha amanzi (kufaka phakathi amanzi okupholisa, amanzi omlilo, amanzi angcolile okukhiqiza, njll.), ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokuphakelwa kwegesi (izinhlelo zomoya ocindezelwe, njll.), ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokujova amanzi ahlanzekile kanye namanzi, ukufakwa kwezikhungo zikagesi, njll.
Kusukela kokuqukethwe kokwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezingenhla zama-workshop ahlanzekile, kungabonakala ukuthi okuqukethwe kokwakhiwa nokufakwa kwama-workshop ahlanzekile ahlukahlukene ngokuvamile kuyafana. Nakuba "amagama afana ngokuyisisekelo, incazelo yokuqukethwe kokwakhiwa ngezinye izikhathi ihluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukwakhiwa kokuqukethwe kokuhlobisa nokuhlobisa kwegumbi elihlanzekile, ama-workshop ahlanzekile okukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-microelectronic ngokuvamile asebenzisa amakamelo ahlanzekile axubile e-ISO class 5, futhi phansi kwegumbi elihlanzekile kuthatha phansi eliphakanyisiwe elinezimbobo zomoya wokubuyisa; Ngaphansi kwephansi eliphakanyisiwe lephansi lokukhiqiza kukhona i-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe ephansi, futhi ngaphezu kophahla olulengisiwe kukhona i-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe ephezulu. Ngokuvamile, i-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe ephezulu isetshenziswa njenge-plenum yokuphakelwa komoya, kanti i-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe ephansi isetshenziswa njenge-plenum yomoya wokubuyisa; Umoya nomoya wokunikeza ngeke ungcoliswe ukungcola. Nakuba kungekho mfuneko yezinga lokuhlanzeka kwe-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe ephezulu/ephansi, phansi kanye nodonga lwe-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe ephezulu/ephansi kufanele ngokuvamile kupendwe njengoba kudingeka, futhi ngokuvamile ku-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe ephezulu/ephansi. I-interlayer yobuchwepheshe ingafakelwa amapayipi amanzi ahambisanayo, amapayipi egesi, amapayipi omoya ahlukahlukene, kanye namapayipi amanzi ahlukahlukene ngokwezidingo zokwakheka kwamapayipi kanye nokuxhuma izintambo (ikhebula) zomsebenzi ngamunye.
Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezahlukene zegumbi elihlanzekile zinezinjongo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa noma zokwakha, izinhlobo ezahlukene zomkhiqizo, noma noma izinhlobo zomkhiqizo zifana, kukhona umehluko ezinqubweni zobukhulu noma zokukhiqiza/imishini, futhi okuqukethwe kokwakhiwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile kuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa kwangempela nokufakwa kwamaphrojekthi athile egumbi elihlanzekile kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo zemidwebo yokuklama ubunjiniyela, amadokhumenti kanye nezidingo zenkontileka phakathi kweqembu lokwakha nomnikazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amalungiselelo nezidingo zezindinganiso ezifanele kanye nezincazelo kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela. Ngokusekelwe ekucubunguleni ngokunembile amadokhumenti okuklama ubunjiniyela, izinqubo zokwakha ezingenzeka, amapulani kanye nezindinganiso zekhwalithi yokwakha zamaphrojekthi athile obunjiniyela ahlanzekile kufanele zakhiwe, futhi amaphrojekthi egumbi elihlanzekile aqalwayo kufanele aqedwe ngesikhathi esibekiwe nangokwakhiwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-30-2023