Izakhiwo zikagesi ziyizingxenye eziyinhloko zamakamelo ahlanzekile futhi ziyizikhungo zikagesi zomphakathi ezibalulekile ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekuphepheni okuvamile kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegumbi elihlanzekile.
Amakamelo ahlanzekile angumkhiqizo wokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe obusha, izinqubo ezintsha, kanye nemikhiqizo emisha kuhlale kuvela, futhi ukunemba komkhiqizo kuyanda usuku nosuku, okubeka phambili izidingo eziqinile zokuhlanzeka komoya. Njengamanje, amakamelo ahlanzekile asetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizweni nasekucwaningweni kwemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njenge-elekthronikhi, imithi ye-biopharmaceuticals, izindiza, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini yobuchwepheshe obunembile. Ukuhlanzeka komoya kwegumbi elihlanzekile kunomthelela omkhulu ekhwalithini yemikhiqizo enezidingo zokuhlanza. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza okuvamile kohlelo lokupholisa umoya wokuhlanza kumele kugcinwe. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izinga lokufaneleka kwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwe ngaphansi kokuhlanzeka komoya okucacisiwe lingakhushulwa ngo-10% kuya ku-30%. Uma sekuvele ukucima kukagesi, umoya wangaphakathi uzongcoliswa maduze, okuthinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Amakamelo ahlanzekile ayizikhungo ezivalwe kahle ezinezimali ezinkulu kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zomkhiqizo, futhi adinga ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, okuphephile nokuzinzile. Ukuphela kukagesi ezindaweni zikagesi ekamelweni elihlanzekile kuzobangela ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa komoya, umoya omusha ekamelweni awukwazi ukugcwaliswa kabusha, futhi amagesi ayingozi awakwazi ukukhishwa, okulimaza impilo yabasebenzi. Ngisho nokuphela kukagesi kwesikhathi esifushane kuzobangela ukuvalwa kwesikhathi esifushane, okuzobangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho. Imishini kagesi enezidingo ezikhethekile zokunikezwa kukagesi ekamelweni elihlanzekile ivame ukuhlonyiswa ngogesi ongaphazamiseki (i-UPS). Imishini kagesi ebizwa ngokuthi enezidingo ezikhethekile zokunikezwa kukagesi ibhekisela kakhulu kuleyo engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ngisho noma isebenzisa imodi yokunikeza ugesi ozenzakalelayo noma imodi yokuziqala ephuthumayo yesethi yejeneretha kadizili; leyo engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ngemishini yokuzinza kagesi ejwayelekile kanye nemishini yokuzinza imvamisa; izinhlelo zokulawula ikhompyutha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nohlelo lokuqapha inethiwekhi yokuxhumana, njll. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukucima kukagesi kwenzeke kaningi kwamanye amakamelo ahlanzekile ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokushaya kombani kanye nokushintsha kwamandla okusheshayo emthwalweni wamandla oyinhloko, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho. Isizathu akusikho ukucima kukagesi okuyinhloko, kodwa ukucima kukagesi okulawulayo. Ukukhanyisa kukagesi nakho kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwegumbi elihlanzekile. Uma sibheka uhlobo lwenqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yegumbi elihlanzekile, amakamelo ahlanzekile ngokuvamile enza umsebenzi obonakalayo onembile, odinga ukukhanya okunamandla kakhulu nokuseqophelweni eliphezulu. Ukuze kutholakale izimo zokukhanya ezinhle nezizinzile, ngaphezu kokuxazulula uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezifana nokwakheka kokukhanya, umthombo wokukhanya, nokukhanya, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuzinza kokunikezwa kukagesi; ngenxa yokungabi nomoya kwegumbi elihlanzekile, igumbi elihlanzekile alidingi ugesi kuphela. Ukuqhubeka nokuzinza kokukhanya kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kwezindawo zegumbi elihlanzekile kanye nokuphuma kwabasebenzi okubushelelezi nokuphephile uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo. Ukukhanyisa okuyisipele, ukukhanya okuphuthumayo, kanye nokukhanya kokuphuma kumele nakho kuhlinzekwe ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo.
Amakamelo ahlanzekile esimanje asezingeni eliphezulu, amelelwa amakamelo ahlanzekile okukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-microelectronic, okuhlanganisa amakamelo ahlanzekile okukhiqiza izinto ze-elekthronikhi, i-biomedicine, i-aerospace, imishini enembile, amakhemikhali amahle neminye imikhiqizo, awadingi nje kuphela izidingo eziqinile zokuhlanzeka komoya, kodwa futhi adinga amakamelo ahlanzekile anezindawo ezinkulu, izikhala ezinkulu, kanye nezikhala ezinkulu, amakamelo amaningi ahlanzekile asebenzisa izakhiwo zensimbi. Inqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yegumbi elihlanzekile iyinkimbinkimbi futhi isebenza njalo ubusuku nemini. Izinqubo eziningi zokukhiqiza umkhiqizo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezihlanzekile kakhulu, ezinye zazo ezingezona amagesi noma amakhemikhali avuthayo, aqhumayo nanobuthi: Amapayipi omoya ohlelo lokupholisa umoya egumbini elihlanzekile, amapayipi okukhipha umoya kanye nawokukhipha umoya emishini yokukhiqiza, kanye namapayipi ahlukahlukene egesi kanye noketshezi ayahlukaniswa. Uma umlilo uvela, uzodlula ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamapayipi omoya asakazeka ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuqina kwegumbi elihlanzekile, ukushisa okukhiqizwayo akulula ukushabalala, futhi umlilo uzosakazeka ngokushesha, okwenza umlilo ukhule ngokushesha. Amakamelo ahlanzekile esezingeni eliphezulu avame ukuhlonyiswa ngenani elikhulu lemishini nezinsimbi ezinembile ezibizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezidingo zokuhlanzeka kwabantu nezinto, izindlela ezivamile ezindaweni ezihlanzekile ziyaguquguquka futhi kunzima ukuphuma kuzo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlelwa okufanele kwezindawo zokuvikela ukuphepha emakamelweni ahlanzekile kuye kwathola ukunakwa okukhulu ekwakhiweni, ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamakamelo ahlanzekile. Futhi okuqukethwe kokwakhiwa okufanele abanikazi bamakamelo ahlanzekile bakunake.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe izidingo zokulawula zendawo yokukhiqiza ehlanzekile ekamelweni elihlanzekile, uhlelo lokuqapha ikhompyutha olusatshalalisiwe noma uhlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kufanele lubekwe ukuze lulawule amapharamitha ahlukahlukene okusebenza kanye namandla ohlelo lokupholisa umoya oluhlanzekile, uhlelo lwamandla omphakathi kanye nezinhlelo ezahlukene zokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezihlanzekile kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa, njll. kuyaboniswa, kulungiswa futhi kulawulwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziqinile zenqubo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo wegumbi elihlanzekile endaweni yokukhiqiza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kufezwe ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ethile enekhwalithi eqinisekisiwe kanye nobuningi ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka (ukonga amandla).
Imishini kagesi eyinhloko ifaka: imishini yokuguqula nokusabalalisa amandla, imishini yokukhiqiza amandla eyisipele, ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaphazamiseki (i-UPS), imishini yokuguqula kanye nemvamisa kanye nemigqa yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa yezinhlelo zamanje eziqinile; imishini yocingo, imishini yokusakaza, imishini ye-alamu yokuphepha, njll. yezinhlelo zokuphepha zokuxhumana. Imishini yokuvimbela izinhlekelele, imishini yokuqapha ephakathi, uhlelo lwezintambo oluhlanganisiwe kanye nohlelo lokukhanyisa. Abaklami bakagesi bamakamelo ahlanzekile, ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bukagesi besimanje, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ubunjiniyela besimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha obuhlakaniphile bekhompyutha, abakwazi nje kuphela ukunikeza amandla aqhubekayo nathembekile amakamelo ahlanzekile, kodwa futhi badale amathuba okukhiqiza, ukuyala, ukuthumela kanye nokuqapha amakamelo ahlanzekile azenzakalelayo. Kudingeka izibambo ezinhle ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini yokukhiqiza kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza esizayo ekamelweni elihlanzekile, ukuvimbela izinhlekelele ezahlukahlukene ukuthi zenzeke futhi kudalwe indawo enhle yokukhiqiza kanye nendawo yokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-30-2023