1. Ukuhlaziywa kwezici zamakamelo amade ahlanzekile
(1). Amakamelo amade ahlanzekile anezici zawo zemvelo. Ngokuvamile, igumbi elide elihlanzekile lisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi inqubo yangemuva kokukhiqiza, futhi ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini emikhulu. Azidingi ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, futhi ukulawula ukunemba kokushisa nomswakama akuphakeme. Imishini ayikhiqizi ukushisa okuningi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwenqubo, futhi kunabantu abambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa.
(2). Amakamelo amade ahlanzekile ngokuvamile anezakhiwo ezinkulu zefreyimu, futhi ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinto ezilula. Ipuleti eliphezulu ngokuvamile akulula ukuthwala umthwalo omkhulu.
(3). Ukukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlayiya zothuli Emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile, umthombo oyinhloko wokungcola uhlukile kulowo wamakamelo ahlanzekile jikelele. Ngaphezu kothuli olukhiqizwa abantu nemishini yezemidlalo, uthuli olungaphezulu lubanga ingxenye enkulu. Ngokwemininingwane enikezwa yimibhalo, ukukhiqizwa kothuli uma umuntu emile kuyizinhlayiyana eziyi-105/(min·person), kanti ukukhiqiza uthuli lapho umuntu ehamba kubalwa izikhathi ezi-5 lapho umuntu emile. Emakamelweni ahlanzekile anobude obujwayelekile, ukukhiqiza uthuli olungaphezulu kubalwa njengoba uthuli olungaphezulu luka-8m2 lomhlabathi lulingana nothuli olukhiqizwa umuntu ophumule. Emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile, umthwalo wokuhlanza mkhulu endaweni yomsebenzi wabasebenzi abaphansi futhi mncane endaweni engaphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezici zephrojekthi, kuyadingeka ukuthatha isici sokuphepha esifanele sokuphepha futhi ucabangele ukungcoliswa kothuli okungalindelekile. Ukwenziwa kothuli olungaphezulu lwale phrojekthi kusekelwe ekukhiqizeni uthuli olungaphezulu lwe-6m2 lomhlabathi, okulingana nothuli olukhiqizwa umuntu ophumule. Le phrojekthi ibalwa ngokusekelwe kubantu abangu-20 abasebenza ishifu ngayinye, futhi ukukhiqizelwa uthuli kwabasebenzi kubalela kuphela u-20% wengqikithi yokukhiqiza uthuli, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa kothuli kwabasebenzi ekamelweni elihlanzekile kufinyelela cishe u-90% wesamba sokukhiqiza uthuli.
2. Hlanza umhlobiso wegumbi lama-workshop amade
Umhlobiso wekamelo ohlanzekile ngokuvamile uhlanganisa iphansi legumbi elihlanzekile, amaphaneli odonga, usilingi, nokusekela umoya, ukukhanya, ukuvikela umlilo, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nokukhipha amanzi nokunye okuqukethwe okuhlobene namakamelo ahlanzekile. Ngokwezidingo, imvilophu yokwakha kanye nomhlobiso wangaphakathi wekamelo elihlanzekile kufanele kusetshenziswe izinto ezinomoya omuhle wokuqina kanye nokuguqulwa okuncane lapho izinga lokushisa nomswakama kushintsha. Umhlobiso wezindonga nophahla emakamelweni ahlanzekile kufanele uhlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
(1). Ingaphezulu lezindonga nosilingi emakamelweni ahlanzekile kufanele kube isicaba, bushelelezi, kungabikho uthuli, okungabeki, kube lula ukususa uthuli, futhi kube nezindawo ezimbalwa ezingalingani.
(2). Amakamelo ahlanzekile akufanele asebenzise izindonga zamatshe kanye nezindonga ezikhonjiwe. Uma kudingekile ukuwasebenzisa, umsebenzi owomile kufanele wenziwe futhi kusetshenziswe amazinga aphezulu okuplasta. Ngemva kokuplasta izindonga, kufanele kupendwe upende ongaphezulu, futhi kukhethwe upende onganqamuki amalangabi, ongaqhekeki, ongawasheki, abushelelezi, futhi ongelula ukumunca amanzi, owonakele, futhi okhuntayo. Ngokuvamile, umhlobiso wegumbi elihlanzekile ngokuyinhloko ukhetha amaphaneli odonga ensimbi agcotshwe ngempuphu njengezinto zokuhlobisa zangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ezimbonini ezinkulu zesikhala, ngenxa yokuphakama kwesitezi esiphezulu, ukufakwa kwezingxenye zepaneli zensimbi kunzima kakhulu, kunamandla ampofu, izindleko eziphezulu, nokungakwazi ukuthwala isisindo. Le phrojekthi yahlaziya izici zokukhiqiza uthuli zamagumbi ahlanzekile ezimbonini ezinkulu kanye nezidingo zokuhlanzeka kwegumbi. Izindlela zokuhlobisa ingaphakathi lensimbi evamile yensimbi azizange zamukelwe. I-epoxy coating yasetshenziswa ezindongeni zokuqala zobunjiniyela bomphakathi. Akukho usilingi obekwe endaweni yonke ukuze kwandiswe indawo esebenzisekayo.
3. Inhlangano ye-Airflow yamakamelo amade ahlanzekile
Ngokusho kwezincwadi, emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile, ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu ye-air conditioning yekamelo ehlanzekile kunganciphisa kakhulu umthamo wokuhambisa umoya wesistimu. Ngokuncishiswa kwevolumu yomoya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa inhlangano enengqondo yokugeleza komoya ukuze uthole umphumela womoya ohlanzekile ongcono. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukufana kokuhlinzekwa komoya kanye nesistimu yomoya yokubuyisela, ukunciphisa i-vortex nokugeleza komoya endaweni ehlanzekile yokusebenza, futhi kuthuthukiswe izici zokusabalalisa zokugeleza komoya okuhlinzekwa komoya ukuze kunikeze ukudlala okuphelele emthelela wokuhlanjululwa kokugeleza komoya okuphakelayo. Ezingqungqutheleni ezinde ezihlanzekile ezinezidingo zenhlanzeko zekilasi le-10,000 noma i-100,000, umqondo wokuklama wezindawo ezinde nezinkulu zokunethezeka komoya ungashiwo, njengokusetshenziswa kwemibhobho ezindaweni ezinkulu njengezikhumulo zezindiza namahholo ombukiso. Ngokusebenzisa imibhobho kanye nokunikezwa komoya oseceleni, ukugeleza komoya kungasakazwa ngebanga elide. Ukunikezwa komoya we-Nozzle kuyindlela yokuthola ukutholakala komoya ngokuthembela kumajethi anesivinini esikhulu apheshulwa emibhobho. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokupholisa umoya emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile noma ezakhiweni zomphakathi ezinobude obuphakeme. I-nozzle ithatha ukunikezwa komoya oseceleni, futhi umlomo wombhobho kanye ne-outlet yomoya obuyayo kuhlelwa ohlangothini olufanayo. Umoya ukhishwa ngokugxila emibhobolweni eminingana esethwe esikhaleni ngesivinini esiphezulu kanye nevolumu yomoya enkulu. Ijethi igeleza ibuye ngemva kwebanga elithile, ukuze yonke indawo ene-air-conditioning ibe endaweni yokugeleza kabusha, bese i-outlet yomoya ebuyayo esethwe ngezansi iyikhiphele emuva kuyunithi ye-air-conditioning. Izici zayo isivinini esikhulu sokunikezwa komoya kanye nobubanzi obude. I-jet ishayela umoya ongaphakathi ukuze uxubane ngokuqinile, isivinini siwohloka kancane kancane, futhi ukugeleza komoya okuzungezayo kwakheka endlini, ukuze indawo ene-air-conditioning ithole insimu yokushisa efanayo kanye nenkundla yesivinini.
4. Isibonelo somklamo wobunjiniyela
Indawo yokusebenzela ehlanzekile ende (40 m ubude, 30 m ububanzi, 12 m ukuphakama) idinga indawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile engaphansi kwamamitha ayi-5, enezinga lokuhlanza elingu-10,000 kanye ne-dynamic 100,000, izinga lokushisa elingu-tn=22℃±3℃, kanye nomswakama ohlobene fn=30%~60%.
(1). Ukunqunywa kwenhlangano yokugeleza komoya kanye nemvamisa yokungena komoya
Uma kubhekwa izici zokusetshenziswa zaleli gumbi elide elihlanzekile, elingaphezu kwamamitha angu-30 ububanzi futhi elingenalo uphahla, indlela evamile yokuhambisa umoya eshabhu yokusebenzela inzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenzisa. Indlela yokuphakelwa komoya enezingqimba zenozzle iyamukelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokuhlanzeka kwendawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile (ngaphansi kuka-5 m). Umshini wokuphehla umoya we-nozzle uhlelwe ngokulinganayo odongeni oluseceleni, futhi umshini wokuphuma komoya obuyayo onesendlalelo esimanzi uhlelwa ngokulinganayo endaweni ephakeme engu-0.25 m ukusuka phansi engxenyeni engezansi yodonga oluseceleni lweshabhu, yakha ifomu lenhlangano yokugeleza komoya lapho indawo yokusebenza ibuya khona embhobho futhi ibuya ohlangothini olugxilile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze kuvinjwe umoya endaweni yokusebenza engahlanzekile engaphezu kwama-5 m ukuthi wenze indawo efile ngokwenhlanzeko, izinga lokushisa nomswakama, ukunciphisa umthelela wemisebe ebandayo nokushisa evela ophahleni ongaphandle endaweni yokusebenza, futhi kukhishwe ngesikhathi izinhlayiya zothuli ezikhiqizwe i-crane engenhla ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi usebenzise ngokugcwele umoya ohlanzekile amalebula ahlakazekile emoyeni emincane emi-5 ehlakazekile emoyeni. indawo ye-air-conditioning engahlanzekile, eyenza isimiso somoya esincane esijikelezayo sokubuya, esinganciphisa kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwendawo engaphezulu engahlanzekile endaweni yokusebenza ephansi ehlanzekile.
Ngokwezinga lokuhlanzeka kanye nokukhishwa okungcolile, le phrojekthi ithatha imvamisa yokungenisa umoya engu-16 h-1 endaweni ehlanzekile enomoya opholile engaphansi kwamamitha ayi-6, futhi ithatha ipayipi elikhipha umoya elifanele endaweni engaphezulu engahlanzekile, nemvamisa yokungenisa umoya engaphansi kuka-4 h-1. Eqinisweni, imvamisa yokungena komoya evamile yesitshalo sonke i-10 h-1. Ngale ndlela, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-air conditioning ehlanzekile yekamelo lonke, indlela yokuhambisa umoya ye-nozzle enezingqimba ehlanzekile ayiqinisekisi nje kangcono imvamisa yokungena komoya endaweni ehlanzekile futhi ihlangabezana nenhlangano yokugeleza komoya yesitshalo esine-span enkulu, kodwa futhi isindisa kakhulu umthamo womoya wesistimu, amandla okupholisa namandla fan.
(2). Ukubalwa kwe-air nozzle eseceleni
Faka umehluko wezinga lokushisa lomoya
Imvamisa yokungena komoya edingekayo ukuze kuhlanzeke umoya wegumbi likhulu kakhulu kunaleso esivamile somoya. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele umthamo omkhulu womoya wegumbi elihlanzekile le-air conditioning kanye nokunciphisa umehluko wokushisa komoya wokuhlinzekwa kokugeleza komoya okuhlinzekwayo akukwazi nje ukusindisa umthamo wemishini nezindleko zokusebenza, kodwa futhi kukwenze kube lula kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba kwesimo somoya segumbi elihlanzekile lendawo ene-air-conditioned. Umehluko wezinga lokushisa lomoya wokunikezela obalwe kule phrojekthi ngu-ts= 6℃.
Igumbi elihlanzekile linesikhala esikhulu kakhulu, esinobubanzi obungamamitha angama-30. Kudingekile ukuqinisekisa izidingo zokunqwabelana endaweni ephakathi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi indawo yokusebenza yenqubo isendaweni yokubuyisela umoya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidingo zomsindo kufanele zicatshangelwe. Isivinini sokunikezwa komoya salo msebenzi singu-5 m/s, ukuphakama kokufakwa kwenobhozo kungu-6 m, futhi ukugeleza komoya kuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-nozzle ngendlela evundlile. Le phrojekthi ibale ukugeleza komoya kwe-nozzle. Ububanzi be-nozzle buyi-0.36m. Ngokusho kwezincwadi, inombolo ye-Archimedes ibalwa ibe ngu-0.0035. Isivinini sokunikezwa komoya se-nozzle singu-4.8m/s, isivinini se-axial ekugcineni singu-0.8m/s, isivinini esimaphakathi singu-0.4m/s, kanti isivinini esimaphakathi sokugeleza kokubuya singaphansi kuka-0.4m/s, esihlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwenqubo.
Njengoba umthamo womoya wokugeleza komoya wokuhlinzeka mkhulu futhi umehluko wokushisa komoya wokuhlinzeka umncane, ucishe ufane nejethi ye-isothermal, ngakho ubude bendiza kulula ukuqinisekiswa. Ngokwenombolo ye-Archimedean, ububanzi obuhlobene x/ds = 37m bungabalwa, obungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuneko yokugqagqana okungu-15m kokugeleza komoya okuphakelayo ohlangothini oluphambene.
(3). Ukwelashwa kwesimo somoya
Uma kubhekwa izici zomthamo womoya omkhulu wokuhlinzeka kanye nomehluko omncane wokushisa komoya ekwakhiweni kwegumbi elihlanzekile, ukusetshenziswa okugcwele kwenziwa ngomoya wokubuyisela, futhi umoya oyinhloko wokubuyisela ususwa endleleni yokwelashwa kwesimo somoya sasehlobo. Isilinganiso esiphezulu somoya wesibili obuyayo siyamukelwa, futhi umoya ohlanzekile uphathwa kanye kuphela bese uxutshwa nenani elikhulu lomoya wesibili wokubuya, ngaleyo ndlela uqede ukushisisa futhi unciphise umthamo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwemishini.
(4). Imiphumela yokulinganisa yobunjiniyela
Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwalo msebenzi, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuphelele kobunjiniyela. Isamba sezindawo zokulinganisa ezivundlile neziqondile ezingama-20 zamiswa kuso sonke isitshalo. Inkambu yesivinini, indawo yokushisa, ukuhlanzeka, umsindo, njll. yesikhungo esihlanzekile kwahlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezimile, futhi imiphumela yangempela yokulinganisa yayimihle uma kuqhathaniswa. Imiphumela elinganisiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zokuklama imi kanje:
Isivinini esimaphakathi sokugeleza komoya endaweni yokuphuma komoya singu-3.0~4.3m/s, futhi isivinini ekuhlanganyeleni kokugeleza komoya okubili okuphambene ngu-0.3~0.45m/s. Imvamisa yokungena komoya yendawo ehlanzekile yokusebenza iqinisekisiwe izikhathi eziyi-15/h, futhi ukuhlanzeka kwayo kukalwa kungaphakathi kwekilasi le-10,000, elihlangabezana kahle nezidingo zokuklama.
Umsindo wezinga le-A wangaphakathi ungu-56 dB endaweni ephuma kuyo umoya, kanti ezinye izindawo zokusebenza zonke zingaphansi kuka-54dB.
5. Isiphetho
(1). Emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile angenazo izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu, ukuhlobisa okwenziwe lula kungenziwa ukuze kuzuzwe kokubili izidingo zokusebenzisa kanye nezidingo zokuhlanzeka.
(2). Emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile adinga izinga lokuhlanzeka lendawo engaphansi kobude obuthile ukuthi libe yisigaba se-10,000 noma i-100,000, indlela yokuphakelwa komoya yamabhobho ahlanzekile anezingqimba zomoya iyindlela eyongayo, esebenzayo nesebenzayo.
(3). Kulolu hlobo lwamakamelo amade ahlanzekile, umugqa wezindawo zokukhipha umoya ezibuyayo zisethwa endaweni yokusebenza engaphezulu engahlanzekile ukuze kukhishwe uthuli olukhiqizwe eduze kwama-crane rails futhi kuncishiswe umthelela wemisebe ebandayo nokushisa ophahleni endaweni yokusebenza, engaqinisekisa kangcono ukuhlanzeka nezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama wendawo yokusebenza.
(4). Ukuphakama kwekamelo elide elihlanzekile kungaphezu kokuphindwe ka-4 kwegumbi elihlanzekile jikelele. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza uthuli, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi umthwalo wokuhlanzwa kwesikhala seyunithi uphansi kakhulu kunalowo wegumbi elijwayelekile elihlanzekile eliphansi. Ngakho-ke, kulo mbono, imvamisa yokungena komoya inganqunywa ukuthi iphansi kunemvamisa yokungenisa umoya yegumbi elihlanzekile elinconywe yi-GB ejwayelekile 73-84. Ucwaningo nokuhlaziya kukhombisa ukuthi emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile, imvamisa yokungena komoya iyahlukahluka ngenxa yobude obuhlukene bendawo ehlanzekile. Ngokuvamile, u-30% ~ 80% wemvamisa yokukhipha umoya enconywe yizinga likazwelonke angahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-18-2025