1. Ukuhlaziywa kwezici zamakamelo amade ahlanzekile
(1). Amakamelo amade ahlanzekile anezimpawu zawo ezingokwemvelo. Ngokuvamile, igumbi elide elihlanzekile lisetshenziswa kakhulu enqubweni yangemva kokukhiqiza, futhi ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa imishini emikhulu. Ayidingi ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, futhi ukunemba kokulawula kokushisa nomswakama akuphezulu. Imishini ayikhiqizi ukushisa okuningi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza inqubo, futhi bambalwa abantu.
(2). Amakamelo amade ahlanzekile ngokuvamile anezakhiwo ezinkulu zohlaka, futhi avame ukusebenzisa izinto ezilula. Ipuleti eliphezulu ngokuvamile akulula ukuthwala umthwalo omkhulu.
(3). Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlayiya zothuli Emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile, umthombo oyinhloko wokungcola uhlukile kowamakamelo ahlanzekile ajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kothuli olukhiqizwa abantu nemishini yezemidlalo, uthuli olungaphezulu lubalelwa engxenyeni enkulu. Ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe yizincwadi, ukukhiqizwa kothuli lapho umuntu emile kuyizinhlayiya ezingu-105/(umuntu omncane), kanti ukukhiqizwa kothuli lapho umuntu ehamba kubalwa ngokuphindwe kahlanu kunalapho umuntu emile. Emakamelweni ahlanzekile anokuphakama okuvamile, ukukhiqizwa kothuli olungaphezulu kubalwa njengoba ukukhiqizwa kothuli olungaphezulu okungu-8m2 womhlaba kulingana nokukhiqizwa kothuli komuntu ophumule. Emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile, umthwalo wokuhlanza mkhulu endaweni ephansi yomsebenzi wabasebenzi futhi mncane endaweni ephezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezici zephrojekthi, kuyadingeka ukuthatha isici sokuphepha esifanele sokuphepha nokucabangela ukungcoliswa kothuli okungalindelekile. Ukukhiqizwa kothuli olungaphezulu kwalo msebenzi kusekelwe ekukhiqizweni kothuli olungaphezulu okungu-6m2 womhlaba, okulingana nokukhiqizwa kothuli komuntu ophumule. Lo msebenzi ubalwa ngokusekelwe kubantu abangu-20 abasebenza ngeshifti ngayinye, kanti ukukhiqizwa kothuli kwabasebenzi kwenza u-20% kuphela wokukhiqiza uthuli, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa kothuli kwabasebenzi egumbini elihlanzekile jikelele kwenza cishe u-90% wokukhiqiza uthuli.
2. Ukuhlobisa igumbi elihlanzekile lama-workshop amade
Ukuhlobisa igumbi elihlanzekile ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa phansi kwegumbi elihlanzekile, amaphaneli odonga, ophahleni, kanye nomoya opholile osekelayo, ukukhanyisa, ukuvikela umlilo, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nokukhipha amanzi kanye nokunye okuqukethwe okuhlobene namakamelo ahlanzekile. Ngokwezidingo, imvilophu yesakhiwo kanye nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele kusetshenziswe izinto ezinomoya oqinile kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane lapho izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kushintsha. Ukuhlobisa izindonga nophahla emakamelweni ahlanzekile kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
(1). Izindawo zodonga nophahla emakamelweni ahlanzekile kufanele zibe ziyisicaba, zibushelelezi, zingabi nothuli, zingabi nakukhanya, kube lula ukususa uthuli, futhi zibe nezindawo ezimbalwa ezingalingani.
(2). Amakamelo ahlanzekile akufanele asebenzise izindonga zomatshe nezindonga ezifakwe iplasta. Uma kudingeka ukuzisebenzisa, kufanele kwenziwe umsebenzi owomile futhi kusetshenziswe amazinga aphezulu okuplasta. Ngemva kokuplasta izindonga, indawo yopende kufanele ipendwe, bese upende ovimbela ilangabi, ongenamaqhekezo, ogezwayo, obushelelezi, futhi ongelula ukuwumunca amanzi, ubolile, futhi kufanele kukhethwe isikhunta. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlobisa igumbi elihlanzekile kukhetha kakhulu amaphaneli odonga ensimbi agcotshwe ngempuphu njengezinto zokuhlobisa ingaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, kumafektri amakhulu esikhala, ngenxa yokuphakama okuphezulu kwephansi, ukufakwa kwezingxenye zephaneli yodonga yensimbi kunzima kakhulu, ngamandla amancane, izindleko eziphakeme, kanye nokungakwazi ukuthwala isisindo. Lo msebenzi uhlaziye izici zokukhiqiza uthuli lwamakamelo ahlanzekile ezimbonini ezinkulu kanye nezidingo zokuhlanzeka kwegumbi. Izindlela zokuhlobisa ingaphakathi lephaneli yodonga yensimbi ezivamile azizange zisetshenziswe. Ukufakwa kwe-epoxy kwasetshenziswa ezindongeni zokuqala zobunjiniyela bomphakathi. Akukho phahla olwalubekwe kuyo yonke indawo ukuze kwandiswe isikhala esisebenzisekayo.
3. Ukuhleleka komoya wamakamelo amade ahlanzekile
Ngokusho kwezincwadi, emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile, ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokupholisa umoya oluhlanzekile kunganciphisa kakhulu inani lomoya oluphelele lohlelo. Ngokunciphisa inani lomoya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuhamba komoya olufanele ukuze kutholakale umphumela ongcono wokupholisa umoya ohlanzekile. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukufana kohlelo lokupholisa umoya nokubuyisa umoya, ukunciphisa i-vortex kanye nokuzungeza komoya endaweni yokusebenza ehlanzekile, nokuthuthukisa izici zokusabalala komoya ohlinzekwayo ukuze kunikezwe ngokugcwele umphumela wokunciphisa womoya ohlinzekwayo. Ema-workshop amade ahlanzekile anezidingo zokuhlanzeka zekilasi le-10,000 noma i-100,000, umqondo wokuklama wezindawo ezinde nezinkulu zokupholisa umoya oduduzayo ungacashunwa, njengokusetshenziswa kwama-nozzle ezindaweni ezinkulu njengezikhumulo zezindiza namahholo ombukiso. Ukusebenzisa ama-nozzle kanye nokunikezwa komoya ohlangothini, ukugeleza komoya kungasakazwa ibanga elide. Ukunikezwa komoya we-nozzle kuyindlela yokuthola ukunikezwa komoya ngokuthembela kumajethi asheshayo aphuma kuma-nozzle. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokupholisa umoya emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile noma ezindaweni zezakhiwo zomphakathi ezinezitezi eziphakeme. I-nozzle isebenzisa ukunikezwa komoya ohlangothini, kanti i-nozzle kanye nendawo yokukhipha umoya ebuyayo kuhlelwe ohlangothini olufanayo. Umoya ukhishwa ngokujulile kusuka kuma-nozzle amaningana abekwe esikhaleni ngesivinini esiphezulu kanye nomthamo womoya omkhulu. I-jet igeleza emuva ngemva kwebanga elithile, ukuze yonke indawo enomoya opholile ibe sendaweni yokugeleza kabusha, bese indawo yokukhipha umoya obuyayo esezansi iyikhiphe ibuyele kuyunithi yokupholisa umoya. Izici zayo isivinini sokunikeza umoya esiphezulu kanye nobubanzi obude. I-jet iqhuba umoya wangaphakathi ukuthi uhlangane ngamandla, isivinini siyabola kancane kancane, futhi kwakheka umoya omkhulu ojikelezayo ngaphakathi, ukuze indawo enomoya opholile ithole insimu yokushisa efanayo kanye nensimu yejubane.
4. Isibonelo sokuklama ubunjiniyela
Indawo yokusebenzela ende ehlanzekile (ubude obungu-40 m, ububanzi obungu-30 m, ukuphakama okungu-12 m) idinga indawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile engaphansi kwamamitha angu-5, enezinga lokuhlanzwa elingu-10,000 elingashintshi kanye ne-100,000 eguquguqukayo, izinga lokushisa elingu-tn= 22℃±3℃, kanye nomswakama ohlobene fn= 30%~60%.
(1). Ukunqunywa kokuhleleka kokuhamba komoya kanye nemvamisa yokungenisa umoya
Ngenxa yezimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwaleli gumbi elide elihlanzekile, elingaphezu kwamamitha angu-30 ububanzi futhi elingenalo uphahla, indlela evamile yokuphakelwa komoya ehlanzekile yaseshabhu kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa. Indlela yokuphakelwa komoya enezingqimba ze-nozzle iyasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokuhlanzeka kwendawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile (ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-5). Idivayisi yokuphakelwa komoya ye-nozzle yokufutha ihlelwe ngokulinganayo odongeni oluseceleni, kanti idivayisi yokuphuma komoya obuyayo enesendlalelo sokudambisa ihlelwe ngokulinganayo ekuphakameni okungu-0.25 m ukusuka phansi engxenyeni engezansi yodonga oluseceleni lweshabhu, yakha ifomu lokuhlela ukuhamba komoya lapho indawo yokusebenza ibuya khona kusuka ku-nozzle futhi ibuya ohlangothini olugxilile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuvinjelwe umoya endaweni yokusebenza engahlanzekile engaphezu kwamamitha ama-5 ukuthi wakhe indawo efile maqondana nokuhlanzeka, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, kuncishiswe umthelela wokushisa nokubanda kanye nemisebe yokushisa evela ophahleni olungaphandle endaweni yokusebenza, futhi kukhishwe ngesikhathi izinhlayiya zothuli ezikhiqizwa yi-crane ephezulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele umoya ohlanzekile osakazeke ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-5, kuhlelwe umugqa wezindawo zomoya ezincane ezibuyayo endaweni yokupholisa umoya engahlanzekile, kwakhiwe uhlelo lomoya olubuyayo olujikelezayo, olunganciphisa kakhulu ukungcola kwendawo ephezulu engahlanzekile kuya endaweni yokusebenza ehlanzekile ephansi.
Ngokwezinga lokuhlanzeka kanye nokukhishwa kokungcola, lo msebenzi usebenzisa imvamisa yokungenisa umoya engu-16 h-1 endaweni ehlanzekile enomoya opholile engaphansi kwamamitha ayi-6, futhi usebenzisa i-exhaust efanele yendawo engaphezulu engahlanzekile, enemvamisa yokungenisa umoya engaphansi kwamahora ama-4. Eqinisweni, imvamisa yokungenisa umoya evamile yesitshalo sonke ingu-10 h-1. Ngale ndlela, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-air conditioner ehlanzekile yegumbi lonke, indlela yokuphakelwa komoya enezingqimba ezihlanzekile ayigcini nje ngokuqinisekisa imvamisa yokungenisa umoya yendawo ehlanzekile enomoya opholile futhi ihlangabezana nokuhleleka kokugeleza komoya kwesitshalo esikhulu, kodwa futhi isindisa kakhulu umthamo womoya wesistimu, amandla okupholisa kanye namandla efeni.
(2). Ukubalwa kokunikezwa komoya ohlangothini lwe-nozzle
Umehluko wokushisa komoya wokunikezwayo
Imvamisa yokungenisa umoya edingekayo ukuze kuhlanzwe umoya ekamelweni likhulu kakhulu kuneyomoya ojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele umthamo omkhulu womoya wokupholisa umoya ekamelweni elihlanzekile nokunciphisa umehluko wokushisa komoya wokugeleza komoya ohlinzekwayo ngeke nje konge umthamo wemishini nezindleko zokusebenza, kodwa futhi kukwenze kube lula kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukunemba komoya wendawo enomoya opholile ekamelweni elihlanzekile. Umehluko wokushisa komoya ohlinzekwayo obalwe kulo msebenzi ngu-ts= 6℃.
Igumbi elihlanzekile linobubanzi obukhulu, obungamamitha angu-30 ububanzi. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa izidingo zokugqagqana endaweni ephakathi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokusebenza kwenqubo isendaweni yomoya obuyayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidingo zomsindo kumele zicatshangelwe. Isivinini sokunikezwa komoya salo msebenzi singamamitha angu-5/s, ukuphakama kokufakwa kwe-nozzle kungamamitha angu-6, futhi ukugeleza komoya kuthunyelwa kusuka ku-nozzle ngendlela evundlile. Lo msebenzi ubale ukugeleza komoya wokunikezwa kwe-nozzle. Ububanzi be-nozzle bungu-0.36m. Ngokusho kwezincwadi, inombolo ye-Archimedes ibalwa ukuthi ingu-0.0035. Isivinini sokunikezwa komoya we-nozzle singama-4.8m/s, isivinini se-axial ekugcineni singama-0.8m/s, isivinini esimaphakathi singama-0.4m/s, kanti isivinini esimaphakathi sokugeleza kokubuya singaphansi kwama-0.4m/s, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwenqubo.
Njengoba umthamo womoya wokugeleza komoya onikezwayo mkhulu futhi umehluko wokushisa komoya onikezwayo umncane, cishe ufana nejethi ye-isothermal, ngakho-ke ubude bejethi kulula ukubuqinisekisa. Ngokwenombolo ye-Archimedean, ububanzi obuhlobene x/ds = 37m bungabalwa, okungahlangabezana nesidingo sokugqagqana okungu-15m kokugeleza komoya onikezwayo ohlangothini oluphambene.
(3). Ukwelashwa kwesimo somoya opholile
Ngenxa yezici zomthamo omkhulu womoya ophehlwayo kanye nomehluko omncane wokushisa komoya ophehlwayo ekwakhiweni kwegumbi elihlanzekile, kusetshenziswa ngokugcwele umoya ophehlwayo, kanti umoya ophehlwayo oyinhloko uyasuswa ngendlela yokwelapha umoya opholile ehlobo. Ingxenye ephezulu yomoya ophehlwayo wesibili iyasetshenziswa, bese umoya omusha uphathwa kanye kuphela bese uxutshwa nenani elikhulu lomoya ophehlwayo wesibili, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe ukufudumala kabusha nokunciphisa amandla okusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwemishini.
(4). Imiphumela yokulinganisa ubunjiniyela
Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwalo msebenzi, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kobunjiniyela okuphelele. Kwabekwa amaphuzu okulinganisa angu-20 avundlile naqondile kuso sonke isitshalo. Insimu yejubane, insimu yokushisa, ukuhlanzeka, umsindo, njll. wesitshalo esihlanzekile kwahlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezimile, futhi imiphumela yangempela yokulinganisa yayimihle kakhulu. Imiphumela elinganisiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zomklamo yilena elandelayo:
Ijubane elimaphakathi lokugeleza komoya endaweni yokukhipha umoya lingu-3.0 ~ 4.3m/s, kanti ijubane endaweni yokuhlangana kokugeleza komoya okubili okuphambene lingu-0.3 ~ 0.45m/s. Imvamisa yokungenisa umoya yendawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile iqinisekisiwe ukuthi iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-15 ngehora, futhi ukuhlanzeka kwayo kulinganiswa ukuthi kungaphakathi kwesigaba esingu-10,000, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo kahle.
Umsindo wangaphakathi we-A-level ungama-56 dB endaweni yokukhipha umoya ebuyayo, kanti ezinye izindawo zokusebenza zonke zingaphansi kwama-54dB.
5. Isiphetho
(1). Kumakamelo amade ahlanzekile angenazo izidingo eziphezulu kakhulu, ukuhlobisa okulula kungasetshenziswa ukuze kufezwe izidingo zokusetshenziswa kanye nezidingo zokuhlanzeka.
(2). Emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile adinga kuphela izinga lokuhlanzeka kwendawo engaphansi kokuphakama okuthile ukuze kube yikilasi le-10,000 noma i-100,000, indlela yokunikeza umoya yama-nozzles omoya ahlanzekile anezingqimba iyindlela engabizi, ewusizo futhi ephumelelayo.
(3). Kulolu hlobo lwamakamelo amade ahlanzekile, kubekwa umugqa wezindawo zokungenisa umoya ezibuyela emuva endaweni yokusebenza engenhla engahlanzekile ukuze kususwe uthuli oluvela eduze kwemigqa ye-crane futhi kuncishiswe umthelela wokushisa nokubanda okuvela ophahleni endaweni yokusebenza, okungaqinisekisa kangcono ukuhlanzeka kanye nokushisa kanye nomswakama wendawo yokusebenza.
(4). Ukuphakama kwegumbi elide elihlanzekile kungaphezu kokuphindwe kane kwegumbi elihlanzekile elijwayelekile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza uthuli, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi umthwalo wokuhlanza isikhala seyunithi uphansi kakhulu kunowegumbi elihlanzekile eliphansi elijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kusukela kulo mbono, imvamisa yokungenisa umoya ingatholakala ukuthi iphansi kunemvamisa yokungenisa umoya yegumbi elihlanzekile elinconywe yizinga likazwelonke le-GB 73-84. Ucwaningo nokuhlaziywa kubonisa ukuthi emakamelweni amade ahlanzekile, imvamisa yokungenisa umoya iyahlukahluka ngenxa yokuphakama okuhlukene kwendawo ehlanzekile. Ngokuvamile, u-30% ~ 80% wemvamisa yokungenisa umoya enconywe yizinga likazwelonke angahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-18-2025