Ubunjiniyela bezindlu ezihlanzekile busho iphrojekthi ethatha uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokwelapha nokulawula ukunciphisa ukugcwala kokungcola endaweni kanye nokugcina izinga elithile lokuhlanzeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zenhlanzeko, ukuze ivumelane nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza. Ubunjiniyela be-cleanroom busetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana ne-electronics, ukudla, imithi, i-bioengineering, kanye ne-biomedicine. Izinyathelo zinzima futhi ziqinile, futhi izidingo ziqinile. Okulandelayo kuzochaza izinyathelo nezimfuneko zobunjiniyela bezindlu ezihlanzekile kusukela ezigabeni ezintathu zokuklama, ukwakhiwa, nokwamukelwa.
1. Isigaba sokuklama
Kulesi sigaba, kuyadingeka ukucacisa izinto ezibalulekile ezifana nezinga lokuhlanzeka, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kanye nemishini, kanye nesakhiwo sepulani yokwakha.
(1). Nquma izinga lokuhlanzeka. Ngokwezidingo zangempela zephrojekthi kanye namazinga emboni, nquma izidingo zezinga lokuhlanzeka. Izinga lenhlanzeko livame ukuhlukaniswa ngamaleveli amaningana, ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi, A, B, C kanye no-D, phakathi kwawo u-A onezidingo zokuhlanzeka eziphakeme.
(2). Khetha izinto ezifanele kanye nemishini. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuklama, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinto zokwakha kanye nemishini ngokuya ngezidingo zezinga lokuhlanzeka. Izinto ezingeke zikhiqize uthuli oluningi kanye nezinhlayiya nezinto zokwakha kanye nemishini ehambisana nokwakhiwa kobunjiniyela bezindlu zokuhlanza kufanele kukhethwe.
(3). Isakhiwo sendiza yokwakha. Ngokwezidingo zezinga lokuhlanzeka kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi, isakhiwo sendiza yokwakha siklanyelwe. Isakhiwo sendiza yokwakha kufanele sibe nengqondo, sihlangabezane nezidingo zephrojekthi futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle.
2. Isigaba sokwakha
Ngemva kokuqedwa kwesigaba sokuklama, isigaba sokwakha siqala. Kulesi sigaba, uchungechunge lwemisebenzi efana nokuthengwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi kanye nokufakwa kwemishini kudingeka kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuklama.
(1). Ukuthengwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokwezidingo zokuklama, khetha izinto ezihlangabezana nezidingo zezinga lokuhlanzeka futhi uzithenge.
(2). Ukulungiselela isisekelo. Hlanza indawo yokwakha futhi ulungise indawo ukuze uqinisekise izidingo zokuhlanzeka kwendawo eyisisekelo.
(3). Umsebenzi wokwakha. Yenza imisebenzi yokwakha ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokuklama. Imisebenzi yokwakha kufanele ihambisane nezindinganiso ezifanele kanye nemininingwane yokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthuli, izinhlayiya nokunye ukungcola akwethulwa ngesikhathi sokwakha.
(4). Ukufakwa kwezisetshenziswa. Faka okokusebenza ngokwezidingo zokuklama ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi okokusebenza kuphelele futhi kuyahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka.
(5). Ukulawula inqubo. Phakathi nenqubo yokwakha, ukugeleza kwenqubo kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwethulwa kokungcola. Isibonelo, izisebenzi zokwakha kufanele zithathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezihambisanayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcola okunjengezinwele nemicu ukuthi kuntante endaweni yephrojekthi.
(6). Ukuhlanzwa komoya. Phakathi nenqubo yokwakha, izimo ezinhle zemvelo kufanele zidalwe, ukuhlanzwa komoya kufanele kwenziwe endaweni yokwakha, futhi imithombo yokungcola kufanele ilawulwe.
(7). Ukuphathwa esizeni. Ukuphatha indawo yokwakha ngokuqinile, kuhlanganise nokulawulwa kwezisebenzi nezinto ezingenayo neziphumayo, ukuhlanzwa kwendawo yokwakha, nokuvalwa ngokuqinile. Gwema ukungcola kwangaphandle ekungeneni endaweni yephrojekthi.
3. Isigaba sokwamukela
Ngemva kokuqedwa kokwakhiwa, ukwamukelwa kuyadingeka. Inhloso yokwamukelwa wukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yokwakha yephrojekthi yegumbi elihlanzekile ihlangabezana nezidingo namazinga okuklama.
(1). Ukuhlolwa kwenhlanzeko. Ukuhlolwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa kuphrojekthi yegumbi elihlanzekile ngemva kokwakhiwa. Indlela yokuhlola ngokuvamile isebenzisa amasampula omoya ukuze kutholwe ukuhlanzeka kwendawo ehlanzekile ngokuthola inani lezinhlayiya ezimisiwe.
(2). Ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo. Qhathanisa futhi uhlaziye imiphumela yokuhlolwa nezidingo zedizayini ukuze uthole ukuthi ikhwalithi yokwakha iyahlangabezana yini nezidingo.
(3). Ukuhlola okungahleliwe. Ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe kwenziwa enanini elithile lezindawo zokwakha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kwekhwalithi yokwakha.
(4). Izinyathelo zokulungisa. Uma kutholakala ukuthi ikhwalithi yokwakha ayihlangabezani nezidingo, izinyathelo zokulungisa ezihambisanayo kudingeka zenziwe futhi zilungiswe.
(5). Amarekhodi okwakha. Amarekhodi okwakha enziwa, okuhlanganisa idatha yokuhlola, amarekhodi okuthengwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, amarekhodi okufakwa kwezinto zokusebenza, njll phakathi nenqubo yokwakha. Lawa marekhodi ayisisekelo esibalulekile sokugcinwa nokuphathwa okulandelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-12-2025