Imithombo yezinhlayiya ihlukaniswe izinhlayiya ezingaphansi, izinhlayiya eziphilayo, nezinhlayiya eziphilayo. Okomzimba womuntu, kulula ukudala izifo zokuphefumula kanye namaphaphu, futhi kungadala nokungezwani komzimba kanye nokutheleleka ngegciwane; Okokwenziwa ama-silicon, okunamathiselwe kwezinhlayiya zothuli kuzodala ama-deformation noma umjikelezo omfushane wemibuthano yesifunda ehlanganisiwe, okwenza ama-chips alahlekelwe yimisebenzi yawo yokusebenza, ngakho-ke ukuphathwa kwemithombo yokungcoliswa kokungcola emincane sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwamagumbi ahlanzekile.
Ukubaluleka kokulawulwa kwemvelo ehlanzekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimo zezemvelo ezisezinhlotsheni zokukhiqiza zihlangabezana namazinga athile okuhlanzeka, okubaluleke kakhulu kwizimboni eziningi. Okulandelayo ukubaluleka kanye neqhaza elithile lokulawulwa kwemvelo okuhlanzekile:
1. Qinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo
1.1 Vimbela ukungcoliswa: Embonini efana nama-semiconductors, amakhamishini, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha, ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiyana okuncane kungadala ukulimala komkhiqizo noma ukwehluleka komkhiqizo. Ngokulawula ikhwalithi yomoya kanye ne-particle okuhlushwa egumbini elihlanzekile, lokhu kungcola kungavinjelwa ngempumelelo ekuthinteni umkhiqizo.
Ngaphezu kokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-Hardware EquepreWare, ukugcinwa kanye nokulawulwa kokuhlanzeka kwegumbi elihlanzekile nakho kudinga uhlelo lokuphatha oluhle "lwesoftware" ukugcina inhlanzeko enhle. Abasebenzisi banomthelela omkhulu ekuhlanzekeni kwegumbi elihlanzekile. Lapho opharetha bengena egumbini elihlanzekile, uthuli lukhulisa kakhulu. Lapho kunabantu abahamba bebuyela emuva, ukuhlanzeka kuya ngokuya kuwohloka. Kungabonakala ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuwohloka kokuhlanzeka kuyizici zabantu.
1.2 Ukuvumelana: Imvelo yegumbi elihlanzekile isiza ukugcina ukuvumelana nokuphindaphindwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile.
Ngokuqondene ne-glass substrate, ukunamathela kwezinhlayiya zothuli kuzodala ukuklwebheka engxenyeni engaphansi yengilazi, imibuthano emifushane namabhamuza, nezinye ikhwalithi yenqubo engeyinhle, okuholela ekuqhekekeni. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwemithombo yokungcola sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwamagumbi ahlanzekile.
Ukungenelela kothuli kwangaphandle nokuvimbela
Igumbi elihlanzekile kufanele lilondoloze ingcindezi emihle (> 0.5mm / HG), yenza umsebenzi omuhle kuphrojekthi yezokwakha yokuqala ukuze uqinisekise ukuvuza komoya, futhi uhlanzekile futhi usule izisebenzi, imishini, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, amathuluzi, okudliwayo, njll. Ngaphambili ukuletha egumbini elihlanzekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, amathuluzi wokuhlanza adinga ukubekwa kahle futhi afakwe esikhundleni noma ahlanzwe njalo.
Ukukhiqizwa kothuli nokuvimbela emakamelweni ahlanzekile
Ukukhetha okufanele kwezinto ezihlanzekile zamakamelo afana namabhodi ahlukanisayo kanye namafulethi, ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kothuli emishini yenqubo, okungukugcina njalo nokuhlanza, izisebenzi zokukhiqiza azivunyelwe ukuhamba zizungeze noma zenze ukunyakaza komzimba okukhulu ezindaweni zabo, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela Amakati anamathelayo athathwa eziteshini ezikhethekile.
2. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa
2.1 Yehlisa isilinganiso Sokukhahlela: Ngokunciphisa ukungcola kanye nokungcola kwinqubo yokukhiqiza, inani le-Scrap lingancishiswa, isilinganiso sesivuno singathuthukiswa, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kungathuthukiswa.
Isibonelo: Kunezinyathelo ezingama-600 ekukhiqizeni okwenziwe. Uma isivuno senqubo ngayinye singama-99%, yini isivuno esiphelele sezinqubo zenqubo ezingama-600? Impendulo: 0.99600 = 0.24%.
Ukuze wenze inqubo yenzeke ngokomnotho, ingabe isivuno siphezulu kangakanani?
• 0.999600 = 54.8%
• 0.9999600 = 94.2%
Isivuno ngasinye senqubo sidinga ukufinyelela ngaphezu kwama-99,99% ukuze sihlangabezane nenqubo yokugcina isivuno esikhulu kune-90%, futhi ukungcoliswa kwama-microparticles kuzothinta ngqo isivuno senqubo.
2.2 Ukusheshisa Inqubo: Ukusebenza endaweni ehlanzekile kunganciphisa ukuhlanza okungadingekile kanye nesikhathi sokuhlelwa kabusha, okwenza inqubo yokukhiqiza isebenze kangcono.
3. Qinisekisa impilo kanye nokuphepha kwabasebenzi
3.1 Impilo Emsebenzini: Kwezinqubo ezithile zokukhiqiza ezingakhipha izinto eziyingozi, amakamelo ahlanzekile angavimba izinto eziyingozi ekusakazeni imvelo yangaphandle futhi zivikele impilo yabasebenzi. Kusukela ukuthuthukiswa kwesintu, ubuchwepheshe, imishini kanye nolwazi sekuthuthukile, kepha ikhwalithi yomoya selibuyile. Umuntu uhola cishe ngo-270,000 m3 womoya ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphila, futhi uchitha ama-70% kuya ku-90% wesikhathi sakhe. Izinhlayiya ezincane zifakwa ngaphansi komzimba womuntu futhi zifakwe ohlelweni lokuphefumula. Izinhlayiya ze-5 kuya ku-30um zifakwa kwi-nasopharynx, izinhlayiya ze-1 kuya ku-5um zifakwa ku-trachea ne-bronchi, futhi izinhlayiya ezingezansi ze-1um zifakwa odongeni lwe-alveolar.
Abantu abasegumbini elinevolumu yomoya enganele isikhathi eside bathambekele ku- "Indoor Syndrome", banezimpawu ezifana nekhanda, ukuqina kwesifuba nokukhathala, futhi kuthambekele ezifweni zohlelo lokuphefumula. I-GB / T18883222 yami yezwe / T18883-2002 ibeka ukuthi ivolumu yomoya entsha akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwama-30m3 / h. umuntu.
IVolumula entsha yomoya yegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele ithathe inani eliphakeme lezinto ezimbili ezilandelayo:
a. Isamba sevolumu yomoya esidingekayo ukunxephezela ivolumu yokuphenya engaphakathi endlini kanye nokuqinisekisa inani lengcindezi enhle yangaphakathi.
b. Qinisekisa umoya omusha odingwa ngabasebenzi begumbi elihlanzekile. Ngokusho kwe-Cleanroom Design Equication, ivolumu yomoya entsha yomuntu ngamunye ngehora ayiyona ngaphansi kwama-40m3.
3.2 Ukukhiqizwa okuphephile: Ngokulawula amapharamitha wezemvelo anjenge-raged kanye nokushisa, izingozi zokuphepha njengokukhipha i-electrostatic kungavinjelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokukhiqiza.
4. Hlangana nezidingo ezilawulayo nezijwayelekile
4.1 Izindinganiso Zezimboni: Izimboni eziningi zinamazinga okuhlanzeka aqinile (njenge-ISO 14644), futhi ukukhiqizwa kumele kwenziwe emakamelweni ahlanzekile amamaki athile. Ukuhambisana nalezi zindinganiso akuyona imfuneko yokulawula kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuboniswa kokuncintisana kwebhizinisi.
Nge-Workbench ehlanzekile, iwindi elihlanzekile, i-Laminanar Flow Transfer Window, I-Wand Fillind Unit FFU, ukuhlanza ikhabethe, i-hood ye-looding, isikrini esihlanzayo, kudingekile ukumisa izindlela zokuhlola ukuhlanzeka kwe Imikhiqizo ekhona yokwenza ngcono ukwethenjwa kwemikhiqizo.
I-4.2 Certification and Audit: Dlula ukucwaningwa kwama-ejensi okuqinisekiswa kwesiqinisekiso seqembu lesithathu futhi uthole izitifiketi ezifanele (njenge-GMP, i-ISO 9001, njll.) Ukuthuthukisa ukuthembana kwamakhasimende futhi wandise ukufinyelela kwamakhasimende.
5. gqugquzela ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe
5.1 I-R & D Ukusekelwa: Amakamelo ahlanzekile ahlinzeka ngemvelo ekahle yokuhlola yokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ephezulu kakhulu nosizo ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha.
5.2 Inqubo yokwenza kahle: Ngaphansi kwendawo elawulwa ngokuqinile, kulula ukuyibuka futhi ihlaziye umthelela wokushintsha kwenqubo ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthuka kwenqubo.
6. Thuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo
6.1 Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi: Ukuba nezindawo ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile kungathuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo futhi kwandise ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
6.2 Ukuncintisana Kwemakethe: Imikhiqizo engakhiqizwa endaweni ehlanzekile imvamisa ibhekwa njengophawu lwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokwethenjwa okuphezulu, okusiza izinkampani zivelele emncintiswaneni owenzile wemakethe.
7. Yehlisa izindleko zokulungisa nokugcina
7.1 Nweba Impilo Yemishini: Imishini yokukhiqiza namathuluzi asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlanzekile atholakala kalula ekugcekeni nasekugqokeni, anwebe impilo yezinsizakalo kanye nokunciphisa imvamisa yesondlo kanye nezindleko.
7.2 Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla: Ngokwandisa ukwakheka kanye nokuphathwa kwamakamelo ahlanzekile, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko zokusebenza.
Izimiso ezine zokuphathwa kokusebenza kwegumbi elihlanzekile:
1. Ungalethi:
Uhlaka lwesihlungi se-hepa alukwazi ukuvuza.
Ingcindezi eklanywe kumele igcinwe ngaphakathi endlini.
Ama-opharetha kufanele ashintshe izingubo futhi afake igumbi elihlanzekile ngemuva kokugeza komoya.
Zonke izinto zokwakha, imishini, namathuluzi kufanele kuhlanzwe ngaphambi kokuba zilethwe.
2. Ungakhiqizi:
Abantu kumele bagqoke izingubo ezingenalo uthuli.
Ukunciphisa izenzo ezingadingekile.
Ungasebenzisi izinto ezilula ukukhiqiza uthuli.
Izinto ezingadingekile azikwazi ukulethwa.
3. Musa ukunqwabelana:
Akufanele kube khona amakhona kanye nemishini yomshini okunzima ukuyihlanza noma ukuyihlanza.
Zama ukunciphisa imidwebo yomoya eveziwe, amapayipi amanzi, njll. Endlini.
Ukuhlanza kumele kwenziwe ngokuya ngezindlela ezijwayelekile nezikhathi ezibekiwe.
4. Susa masinyane:
Khulisa inani lezinguquko zomoya.
Qeda eduze nothuli okhiqizayo.
Thuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-airflow ukuvikela uthuli ekulandeleni umkhiqizo.
Ngamafuphi, ukulawulwa kwezemvelo okuhlanzekile kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukuvikela ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nokuphepha, izidingo zokulawula, ukukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe obusha, kanye nokwenza ngcono isithombe sezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokwenza ngcono isithombe. Amabhizinisi kufanele abheke ngokugcwele lezi zinto lapho ekwakha futhi egcina amakamelo ahlanzekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakamelo ahlanzekile angahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza kanye ne-R & D.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-12-2025