Imithombo yezinhlayiya ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlayiya ezingaphili, izinhlayiya eziphilayo, nezinhlayiya eziphilayo. Ngomzimba womuntu, kulula ukubangela izifo zokuphefumula kanye namaphaphu, futhi kungabangela ukungezwani komzimba kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane; kuma-silicon chips, okunamathiselwe kwezinhlayiya zothuli kuzodala ukuwohloka noma isifunda esifushane samasekethe esekethe ahlanganisiwe, okwenza ama-chips alahlekelwe yimisebenzi yawo yokusebenza, ngakho ukulawulwa kwemithombo yokungcola okuncane sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile.
Ukubaluleka kokulawulwa kwemvelo kwegumbi elihlanzekile kusekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izimo zemvelo ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile zokuhlanzeka, okubalulekile ezimbonini eziningi. Okulandelayo ukubaluleka kanye neqhaza eliqondile lokulawulwa kwemvelo kwegumbi elihlanzekile:
1. Qinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo
1.1 Vimbela ukunukubezeka: Ezimbonini ezifana nama-semiconductors, ezekhemisi, nezisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, ukungcola kwezinhlayiyana ezincane kungase kubangele ukonakala noma ukwehluleka komkhiqizo. Ngokulawula izinga lomoya kanye nokugxila kwezinhlayiyana egumbini elihlanzekile, lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zingavinjelwa ngempumelelo ukuthi zingathinti umkhiqizo.
Ngaphezu kokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini yokuqala yehadiwe, ukugcinwa nokulawulwa kokuhlanzeka kwegumbi elihlanzekile nakho kudinga "isoftware" enhle -uhlelo lokuphatha ukugcina inhlanzeko enhle. Kusukela kumiphumela yedatha emfanekisweni ongenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi opharetha banomthelela omkhulu ekuhlanzekeni kwekamelo elihlanzekile. Lapho abaqhubi bengena ekamelweni elihlanzekile, uthuli lukhula kakhulu. Uma kukhona abantu abahamba bebuyela emuva, ukuhlanzeka kuyancipha ngokushesha. Kuyabonakala ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuwohloka kwenhlanzeko yizici zobuntu.
1.2 Ukungaguquguquki: Indawo yegumbi elihlanzekile isiza ukugcina ukungaguquguquki nokuphindaphinda kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile.
Ngokuqondene ne-substrate yengilazi, ukunamathela kwezinhlayiya zothuli kuzodala imihuzuko ku-substrate yengilazi, ama-circuits amafushane nama-bubbles, kanye nezinye ikhwalithi yenqubo empofu, okuholela ekukhishweni. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwemithombo yokungcola sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile.
Ukungena nokuvimbela uthuli lwangaphandle
Igumbi elihlanzekile kufanele ligcine ukucindezela okuhle okuhle (>0.5mm/Hg), lenze umsebenzi omuhle kuphrojekthi yokuqala yokwakha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukuvuza komoya, nangaphambi kokuletha izisebenzi, izinto zokusebenza, izinto zokusetshenziswa, amathuluzi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, njll. ekamelweni elihlanzekile, kufanele zihlanzwe futhi zesulwe, njll. Izenzo zokuvimbela uthuli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amathuluzi okuhlanza kudingeka abekwe kahle futhi ashintshwe noma ahlanzwe njalo.
Ukukhiqiza uthuli nokuvimbela emakamelweni ahlanzekile
Ukukhetha okufanele kwezimpahla zegumbi ezihlanzekile njengamabhodi okuhlukanisa kanye nephansi, ukulawula izinto zokusebenza, okungukuthi ukugcinwa nokuhlanza njalo, abasebenzi abakhiqizayo abavunyelwe ukuhambahamba noma ukunyakaza komzimba okukhulu ezindaweni zabo, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezifana nokwengeza omata abanamathelayo. ezithathwe eziteshini ezikhethekile.
2. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza
2.1 Nciphisa izinga le-scrap: Ngokunciphisa ukungcola kanye nokungcola ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, izinga le-scrap lingancishiswa, izinga lokukhiqiza lingakhuphuka, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kungathuthukiswa.
Isibonelo: Kunezinyathelo ezingama-600 ekukhiqizeni ama-wafer. Uma isivuno senqubo ngayinye singama-99%, siyini isivuno esiphelele sezinqubo zezinqubo ezingama-600? Impendulo: 0.99^600 = 0.24%.
Ukuze wenze inqubo ibe nokwenzeka ngokwezomnotho, isivuno sesinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukuba phezulu kangakanani?
•0.999^600= 54.8%
•0.9999^600=94.2%
Isivuno senqubo ngayinye sidinga ukufinyelela ngaphezu kwama-99.99% ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesivuno sokugcina esingaphezu kuka-90%, futhi ukungcoliswa kwama-microparticles kuzothinta ngokuqondile isivuno senqubo.
2.2 Sheshisa inqubo: Ukusebenza endaweni ehlanzekile kunganciphisa ukuhlanzwa okungadingekile kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza kabusha, okwenza inqubo yokukhiqiza isebenze kahle.
3. Ukuqinisekisa impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi
3.1 Impilo Yasemsebenzini: Kwezinye izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezingase zikhiphe izinto eziyingozi, amakamelo ahlanzekile angavimbela izinto eziyingozi ukuthi zingasabalali endaweni yangaphandle futhi avikele impilo yabasebenzi. Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwesintu, ubuchwepheshe, imishini kanye nolwazi luye lwaba ngcono, kodwa izinga lomoya liye lahlehla. Umuntu uhogela umoya olinganiselwa ku-270,000 M3 empilweni yakhe, futhi uchitha u-70% kuya ku-90% wesikhathi sakhe esendlini. Izinhlayiya ezincane zihogelwa umzimba womuntu bese zifakwa ohlelweni lokuphefumula. Izinhlayiya ze-5 kuya ku-30um zifakwe ku-nasopharynx, izinhlayiya ze-1 kuya ku-5um zifakwe ku-trachea ne-bronchi, futhi izinhlayiya ezingaphansi kwe-1um zifakwe odongeni lwe-alveolar.
Abantu abasegumbini elinomthamo womoya ohlanzekile onganele isikhathi eside bathambekele ekubeni “ne-indoor syndrome”, abanezimpawu ezinjengokukhanda ikhanda, ukucinana kwesifuba, nokukhathala, futhi bathambekele ezifweni zokuphefumula nesimiso sezinzwa. izinga lezwe lami lezwe lami i-GB/T18883-2002 libeka ukuthi umthamo womoya ohlanzekile akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-30m3/h. umuntu.
Umthamo womoya omusha wegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele uthathe inani eliphezulu lalezi zinto ezimbili ezilandelayo:
a. Isamba sevolumu yomoya edingekayo ukuze kunxeshezelwe ivolumu yokukhipha umoya wasendlini kanye nokuqinisekisa inani lengcindezi ephozithivu yasendlini.
b. Qinisekisa ukuthi umoya ohlanzekile odingwa abasebenzi begumbi elihlanzekile. Ngokwezicaciso zesakhiwo segumbi elihlanzekile, umthamo womoya omusha ngomuntu ngamunye ngehora awukho ngaphansi kuka-40m3.
3.2 Ukukhiqizwa okuphephile: Ngokulawula imingcele yemvelo efana nomswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa, izingozi zokuphepha ezifana nokukhishwa kwe-electrostatic zingagwenywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokukhiqiza.
4. Hlangana nezidingo zokulawula nezijwayelekile
4.1 Amazinga emboni: Izimboni eziningi zinezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka (njenge-ISO 14644), futhi ukukhiqizwa kufanele kwenziwe emakamelweni ahlanzekile amabanga athile. Ukuhambisana nalawa mazinga akuyona nje imfuneko yokulawula, kodwa futhi kuwukubonakaliswa kokuncintisana kwezinkampani.
Ebhentshini lokusebenzela elihlanzekile, ishede elihlanzekile, iwindi lokudlulisa ukugeleza kwe-laminar, iyunithi yesihlungi sabalandeli, i-FFU, ikhabethe elihlanzekile, i-laminar flow hood, ihood yokukala, isikrini esihlanzekile, isizihlanzisi, imikhiqizo yochungechunge lweshawa yomoya, kuyadingeka ukulinganisa izindlela zokuhlolwa kwenhlanzeko. imikhiqizo ekhona ukuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwemikhiqizo.
4.2 Ukuqinisekisa nokucwaninga: Kuphumelele ukuhlolwa kwezinkampani zangaphandle zokunikeza izitifiketi futhi uthole izitifiketi ezifanele (ezifana ne-GMP, ISO 9001, njll.) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende nokwandisa ukufinyelela emakethe.
5. Khuthaza ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe
5.1 Usekelo lwe-R&D: Amagumbi ahlanzekile ahlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlola efanelekile yokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu futhi asize ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha.
5.2 Ukuthuthukisa inqubo: Ngaphansi kwendawo elawulwa ngokuqinile, kulula ukubona nokuhlaziya umthelela wezinguquko zenqubo ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo.
6. Thuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo
6.1 Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi: Ukuba nezindawo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile ezisezingeni eliphezulu kungathuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo futhi kwandise ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
6.2 Ukuncintisana kwezimakethe: Imikhiqizo engakhiqizwa endaweni ehlanzekile ngokuvamile ithathwa njengophawu lwekhwalithi ephezulu nokwethembeka okuphezulu, okusiza izinkampani ukuba zigqame emqhudelwaneni oshubile wezimakethe.
7. Yehlisa izindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa
7.1 Nweba impilo yemishini: Impahla yokukhiqiza namathuluzi asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlanzekile asengozini encane yokugqwala nokuguga, ngaleyo ndlela andise impilo yesevisi futhi ehlise imvamisa yokulungiswa kanye nezindleko.
7.2 Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla: Ngokuthuthukisa idizayini nokuphathwa kwamakamelo ahlanzekile, ukuthuthukisa ukonga kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko zokusebenza.
Izimiso ezine zokuphatha ukusebenza kwegumbi elihlanzekile:
1. Ungangenisi:
Uhlaka lwesihlungi se-hepa alukwazi ukuvuza.
Ingcindezi eklanyelwe kufanele igcinwe ngaphakathi endlini.
Abasebenzisi kufanele bashintshe izingubo futhi bangene ekamelweni elihlanzekile ngemva kokushawa komoya.
Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo, okokusebenza, namathuluzi asetshenziswayo kumele kuhlanzwe ngaphambi kokuthi kungeniswe.
2. Ungakhiqizi:
Abasebenzi kumele bagqoke izingubo ezingenalo uthuli.
Yehlisa izenzo ezingadingekile.
Ungasebenzisi izinto ezilula ukwenza uthuli.
Izinto ezingadingekile azikwazi ukungeniswa.
3. Ungaqoqi:
Akufanele kube khona amakhona namapheripheri emishini okunzima ukuwahlanza noma ukuwahlanza.
Zama ukunciphisa imigudu yomoya evelile, amapayipi amanzi, njll. ngaphakathi endlini.
Ukuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe ngokwezindlela ezijwayelekile kanye nezikhathi ezibekiwe.
4. Susa ngokushesha:
Khulisa inani lezinguquko zomoya.
Exhaust eduze nengxenye ekhiqiza uthuli.
Thuthukisa ukuma kokugeleza komoya ukuze uvimbele uthuli ekunamatheleni kumkhiqizo.
Ngamafuphi, ukulawulwa kwemvelo kwegumbi elihlanzekile kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukuvikela impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulawula, ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuthuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo. Amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele ngokugcwele lezi zici lapho akha futhi egcina amagumbi ahlanzekile ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi amagumbi ahlanzekile angakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza kanye ne-R&D.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-12-2024