Indawo yegumbi lemishini yesistimu yokupholisa umoya ekhonza igumbi elihlanzekile lesibhedlela kumele inqunywe ngokuhlolwa okubanzi kwezinto eziningi. Izimiso ezimbili eziyinhloko—ukusondela kanye nokuhlukaniswa—kufanele ziqondise isinqumo. Igumbi lemishini kufanele libe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka nezindawo ezihlanzekile (njengegumbi lokusebenzela, ama-ICU, izindawo zokucubungula ezihlanzekile) ukuze kuncishiswe ubude bokuphakelwa kanye nemigudu yomoya ebuyayo. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukumelana komoya kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kugcinwe umfutho womoya ophelele kanye nokusebenza kahle kohlelo, futhi kongiwe izindleko zokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igumbi kumele lihlukaniswe ngempumelelo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudlidliza, umsindo kanye nokungena kothuli ekulimaleni indawo elawulwayo yegumbi elihlanzekile lesibhedlela.
Izifundo zamacala ezenzeka emhlabeni wangempela zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokubekwa kwegumbi lemishini ye-HVAC ngendlela efanele. Isibonelo,Iphrojekthi yegumbi lokuhlanza imithi e-USA, enomklamo we-ISO 8 modular oneziqukathi ezimbili, kanyeIphrojekthi yegumbi lokuhlanza elekthronikhi laseLatvia, efakwe ngempumelelo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhona kakade, kokubili kubonisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-HVAC okucatshangelwe kahle kanye nokuhlela kokuhlukaniswa kubalulekile kangakanani ekufinyeleleni izindawo ezihlanzekile zamakamelo ezisebenza kahle nezisezingeni eliphezulu.
1. Isimiso Sokusondela
Esimweni segumbi elihlanzekile esibhedlela, igumbi lemishini (amafeni ezindlu, amayunithi okuphatha umoya, amaphampu, njll.) kufanele libe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka nezindawo ezihlanzekile (isibonelo, ama-OR suites, amakamelo e-ICU, amalabhorethri ahlanzekile). Ubude obufushane bemibhobho bunciphisa ukulahleka kwengcindezi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, futhi kusize ukugcina ukuhamba komoya kanye namazinga okuhlanzeka ahambisanayo ezindaweni zokuphumula. Lezi zinzuzo zithuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo futhi zinciphise izindleko zokusebenza—okubalulekile kumaphrojekthi engqalasizinda yesibhedlela.
2. Ukuzihlukanisa Okuphumelelayo
Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo kwegumbi lemishini ye-HVAC endaweni ehlanzekile. Imishini efana namafeni noma ama-motor idala ukudlidliza, umsindo futhi ingadlulisa izinhlayiya emoyeni uma ingavalwanga kahle noma ivinjiwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igumbi lemishini aliphazamisi ukuhlanzeka noma induduzo yegumbi elihlanzekile lesibhedlela kubalulekile. Amasu ajwayelekile okuhlukaniswa afaka:
➤Ukuhlukaniswa Kwesakhiwo: njengezindawo zokuhlala, izingxenye zodonga oluphindwe kabili, noma izindawo zokubopha ezinikezelwe phakathi kwegumbi le-HVAC negumbi elihlanzekile.
➤Izakhiwo Ezihlukaniswe Kabanzi/Ezihlakazekile: ukubeka amayunithi amancane okuphatha umoya ophahleni, ngaphezu kophahla, noma ngaphansi kwezitezi ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza kanye nokudluliswa komsindo.
➤Isakhiwo se-HVAC Esizimele: kwezinye izimo, igumbi lemishini liyisakhiwo esihlukile ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esikhulu segumbi elihlanzekile; lokhu kungavumela ukufinyelela okulula kwensizakalo kanye nokuhlukanisa, yize ukuvimbela amanzi, ukulawula ukudlidliza kanye nokuhlukanisa umsindo kumele kuxazululwe ngokucophelela.
3. Ukuhlela Nokuhlela Okunezingqimba
Ukuhlelwa okunconywayo kwamakamelo ahlanzekile esibhedlela “umthombo wokupholisa/wokushisa ophakathi nendawo + amayunithi okuphatha umoya we-terminal ahlukaniswe” kunokuba kube yigumbi elilodwa elikhulu lemishini ephakathi elikhonza zonke izindawo. Leli lungiselelo lithuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwesistimu, livumela ukulawula kwendawo, linciphisa ingozi yokuvalwa kwezikhungo ezigcwele, futhi lithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Isibonelo, iphrojekthi yegumbi lokuhlanza elihlanganisiwe lase-USA elisebenzise ukulethwa okufakwe ezitsheni ibonisa ukuthi imishini kanye nezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe zingasheshisa kanjani ukuthunyelwa ngenkathi kuhambisana nezidingo zokuhlelwa kwe-HVAC.
4. Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezindaweni Ezikhethekile
-Izindawo Ezihlanzekile Eziyinhloko (isb., Izindawo Zokusebenza, I-ICU):
Kula makamelo ahlanzekile asesibhedlela abaluleke kakhulu, kungcono ukubeka igumbi lemishini ye-HVAC endaweni yokuxhumana yobuchwepheshe (ngaphezu kophahla), noma endaweni yokuxhumana eseduze ehlukaniswe yigumbi lokuxhumana. Uma indawo yokuxhumana yobuchwepheshe ingenakwenzeka, umuntu angabeka igumbi lemishini kwenye ingxenye yesitezi esifanayo, enesikhala sokuxhumana (ihhovisi, indawo yokugcina) esisebenza njenge-buffer/transition.
-Izindawo Ezijwayelekile (Amawadi, Izindawo Zokulala Ngaphandle):
Ezindaweni ezinkulu nezingenamsebenzi kakhulu, igumbi lemishini lingase libe segumbini elingaphansi (amayunithi ahlakazekile angaphansi kwephansi) noma ophahleni (amayunithi ahlakazekile ophahleni). Lezi zindawo zisiza ekunciphiseni ukudlidliza nomsindo ezindaweni zeziguli nabasebenzi ngenkathi zisalungisa umthamo omkhulu.
5. Imininingwane Yobuchwepheshe Nokuphepha
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi igumbi lemishini likuphi, izindlela ezithile zokuphepha zobuchwepheshe ziyimpoqo:
➤Ukuvimbela amanzi kanye nokukhipha amanzi, ikakhulukazi ophahleni noma emakamelweni e-HVAC asezingeni eliphezulu, ukuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi okungabeka engozini ukusebenza kwegumbi lokuhlanza.
➤Izisekelo zokuhlukanisa ukudlidliza, njengezithiyo ze-concrete inertia ezihlanganiswe nezikhonkwane zokudambisa ukudlidliza ngaphansi kwamafeni, amaphampu, ama-chiller, njll.
➤Ukwelashwa kwe-acoustic: iminyango evalwe ngomsindo, amaphaneli okumunca, uhlaka oluhlanganisiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudluliselwa komsindo ezindaweni ezihlanzekile zesibhedlela.
➤Ukuqina komoya kanye nokulawula uthuli: amapayipi okungena, ukungena kanye namaphaneli okufinyelela kumele avalwe ukuze kugwenywe ukungena kothuli; umklamo kufanele unciphise izindlela zokungcola ezingaba khona.
Isiphetho
Ukukhetha indawo efanele yegumbi lokuhlanza imishini yokupholisa umoya kudinga ukucatshangelwa okulinganiselayo kwezidingo zephrojekthi, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Umgomo wokugcina ukufeza uhlelo lwe-HVAC olusebenzayo, olusindisa amandla, nolunomsindo ophansi oluqinisekisa indawo yokuhlanza ezinzile nehambisanayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-10-2025