Indawo yegumbi lemishini yesistimu ye-air-conditioning ehlinzeka igumbi elihlanzekile esibhedlela kufanele inqunywe ngokuhlolwa okubanzi kwezinto eziningi. Izimiso ezimbili eziyinhloko—ukusondelana nokubahlukanisa—kufanele ziqondise isinqumo. Igumbi lezinto zokusebenza kufanele libe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka nezindawo ezihlanzekile (njengamagumbi okuhlinza, ama-ICU, izindawo zokucutshungulwa eziyinyumba) ukuze kuncishiswe ubude bokunikezela kanye nokubuyisela imigudu yomoya. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukumelana komoya kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukugcina umfutho womoya osezingeni elifanele kanye nokusebenza kwesistimu, futhi konge izindleko zokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igumbi kufanele libe lodwa ngokuphumelelayo ukuze kuvinjwe ukudlidliza, umsindo nokungenwa ngothuli ekufakeni engozini indawo elawulwayo yegumbi elihlanzekile lasesibhedlela.
Izifundo zezenzakalo zomhlaba wangempela ziqhubeka nokugqamisa ukubaluleka kokubekwa kwegumbi lemishini ye-HVAC efanele. Ngokwesibonelo,Iphrojekthi yegumbi elihlanzekile lase-USA, equkethe i-ISO 8 modular design eneziqukathi ezimbili, kanyeIphrojekthi yegumbi elihlanzekile laseLatvia, efakwe ngempumelelo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhona kakade, kokubili kubonisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-HVAC okucatshangelwayo kanye nokuhlelwa kokuhlukaniswa kubaluleke kangakanani ukuze kuzuzwe indawo ehlanzekile yegumbi esebenza kahle, enekhwalithi ephezulu.
1. Isimiso Sokusondelana
Emongweni wegumbi elihlanzekile esibhedlela, igumbi lezinto zokusebenza (izifeni zendlu, amayunithi abamba umoya, amaphampu, njll) kufanele lihlale eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ezindaweni ezihlanzekile (ngokwesibonelo, amagumbi NOMA, amagumbi e-ICU, amalebhu angenalutho). Ubude bepayipi elifushane kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, futhi kusiza ukugcina ukugeleza komoya okungaguquki kanye namazinga okuhlanzeka ezindaweni zokugcina impahla. Lezi zinzuzo zithuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu futhi zehlise izindleko zokusebenza—okubalulekile kumaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda yesibhedlela.
2. Ukuzihlukanisa Okuphumelelayo
Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukwahlukaniswa okusebenzayo kwegumbi lempahla ye-HVAC endaweni ehlanzekile yendawo. Izisetshenziswa ezifana namafeni noma izinjini zikhiqiza ukudlidliza, umsindo futhi zingadlulisa izingxenye eziphuma emoyeni uma zingavalwanga kahle noma zivaliwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igumbi lezinto zokusebenza alifaki engozini ukuhlanzeka noma ukunethezeka kwegumbi elihlanzekile lesibhedlela kubalulekile. Amasu ajwayelekile okuzihlukanisa ahlanganisa:
➤Ukwehlukaniswa Kwesakhiwo: njengamajoyinti ezindawo zokuhlala, ama-partitions anezindonga ezimbili, noma izindawo eziyisivali ezinikezelwe phakathi kwegumbi le-HVAC negumbi elihlanzekile.
➤Izakhiwo Ezinwetshiwe / Ezihlakazekile: ukubeka amayunithi okubamba umoya amancane phezu kophahla, ngaphezu kosilingi, noma ngaphansi kwaphansi ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza nokudluliswa komsindo.
➤Isakhiwo Esizimele Se-HVAC: kwezinye izimo, igumbi lezinto zokusebenza liyisakhiwo esihlukile ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esikhulu segumbi elihlanzekile; lokhu kungavumela ukufinyelela okulula kwesevisi kanye nokuzihlukanisa, nakuba ukuvimbela amanzi, ukulawula ukudlidliza kanye nokuhlukaniswa komsindo kufanele kubhekwe ngokucophelela.
3. Ukuklama kanye nesakhiwo esinezingqimba
Isakhiwo esinconywayo samagumbi ahlanzekile ezibhedlela “umthombo wokupholisa/ukushisa ophakathi nendawo + amayunithi okuphatha umoya ahlukaniselwe indawo yesitheminali” kunegumbi lempahla emaphakathi elilodwa elikhulu elisebenzela zonke izindawo. Lolu hlelo luthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwesistimu, luvumela ukulawulwa kwendawo, lwehlise ingcuphe yokuvalwa kwendawo egcwele, futhi luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Isibonelo, iphrojekthi yegumbi elihlanzekile yase-USA esebenzise ukulethwa kwe-container ikhombisa ukuthi okokusebenza kwe-modular nezakhiwo kungasheshisa kanjani ukuthunyelwa ngenkathi iqondana nezimfuneko zokuklanywa kwe-HVAC.
4. Ukucatshangelwa Kwendawo Ekhethekile
-Core Clean Zones (isb, Operating Theaters, ICU):
Kulawa magumbi ahlanzekile ezibhedlela abaluleke kakhulu, kuhle ukuthola igumbi lempahla ye-HVAC kungaba ku-interlayer yobuchwepheshe (ngaphezulu kosilingi), noma endaweni eyisiza eseduze ehlukaniswe igumbi lebhafa. Uma i-interlayer yobuchwepheshe ingenzeki, umuntu angase abeke igumbi lezinto zokusebenza kwenye indawo ekugcineni kwesitezi esifanayo, nesikhala esiwusizo (ihhovisi, indawo yokugcina) esisebenza njengebhafa/ushintsho.
-Izindawo Ezijwayelekile (Izigceme, Izindawo Zokungalaliswa Ezigulini):
Ezindaweni ezinkulu, ezibaluleke kakhulu, igumbi lezinto zokusebenza lingase libe ngaphansi (amayunithi ahlakazekile angaphansi kwesitezi) noma ophahleni (amayunithi ahlakazekile ophahleni). Lezi zindawo zisiza ukunciphisa ukudlidliza nomsindo ezikhaleni zesiguli nezisebenzi kuyilapho zisahlinzeka ngamavolumu amakhulu.
5. Imininingwane Yezobuchwepheshe Nezokuphepha
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi igumbi lezinto zokusebenza likuphi, izivikelo zobuchwepheshe ezithile ziyisibopho:
➤Ukuvikela amanzi nokukhipha amanzi, ikakhulukazi amagumbi e-HVAC aphezu kophahla noma aphansi phezulu, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena kwamanzi okungabeka engozini ukusebenza kwegumbi elihlanzekile.
➤Izisekelo ezihlukanisayo zokudlidliza, njengamabhulokhi okhonkolo we-inertia ahlanganiswe nezinsimbi ezidambisa ukudlidliza ngaphansi kwamafeni, amaphampu, ama-chiller, njll.
➤Ukwelashwa nge-acoustic: iminyango evalwe imisindo, amaphaneli okumunca, amafreyimu ahlukanisiwe ukuze kukhawulwe ukudluliselwa komsindo ezindaweni ezibucayi zamagumbi ahlanzekile esibhedlela.
➤Ukulawula umoya nokulawula uthuli: amapayipi, izindawo zokungena kanye namaphaneli okungena kufanele avalwe ukuze kugwenywe ukungena kothuli; umklamo kufanele unciphise izindlela zokungcola ezingaba khona.
Isiphetho
Ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yegumbi lempahla yokupholisa umoya ehlanzekile kudinga ukucatshangelwa okunokulinganisela kwezidingo zephrojekthi, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Umgomo omkhulu uwukuthola uhlelo lwe-HVAC olusebenza kahle, olonga amandla, nolomsindo ophansi oluqinisekisa indawo ehlanzekile yegumbi elizinzile nethobelanayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-10-2025