UNGASIHLELA KANJANI ISITOREJI SAKHEMIKELI EGUMBINI ELIHLANZEKILE?

1. Ngaphakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagumbi okugcina amakhemikhali kanye nokusabalalisa kufanele zimiswe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zenqubo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo kanye nezakhiwo zekhemikhali ezingokoqobo namakhemikhali. Amapayipi kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuhlinzeka ngamakhemikhali adingekayo emishinini yokukhiqiza. Amagumbi okugcina amakhemikhali kanye nokusabalalisa ngaphakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile ngokuvamile atholakala endaweni yokukhiqiza eyisizayo, ngokuvamile eba phansi kwesakhiwo esinesitezi esisodwa noma esinezitezi eziningi, eduze nodonga lwangaphandle. Amakhemikhali kufanele agcinwe ngokwehlukana ngokwezakhiwo zawo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali. Amakhemikhali angahambelani kufanele abekwe emakamelweni ahlukene okugcina amakhemikhali kanye nokusabalalisa, ahlukaniswe izingxenye eziqinile. Amakhemikhali ayingozi kufanele agcinwe endaweni ehlukene yokugcina noma yokusabalalisa enesilinganiso sokumelana nomlilo okungenani amahora angu-2.0 phakathi kwamakamelo aseduze. Lawa makamelo kufanele abekwe ekamelweni esitezi sokuqala sesakhiwo sokukhiqiza, eduze nodonga lwangaphandle.

2. Amakamelo ahlanzekile ezimbonini ze-elekthronikhi ngokuvamile anezindawo zokugcina nokusabalalisa ama-asidi nama-alkali, kanye nezincibilikisi ezivuthayo. Amakamelo okugcina i-asidi nokusabalalisa ngokuvamile agcina izindlu kanye nezinhlelo zokusabalalisa i-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid, i-hydrofluoric acid, ne-hydrochloric acid. Amakamelo okugcina ama-alkali nawokusabalalisa ngokuvamile agcina izindlu kanye nezinhlelo zokusabalalisa i-sodium hydroxide, ikhekhe le-hydroxide, i-ammonium hydroxide, ne-tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Isitoreji se-solvent evuthayo kanye namakamelo okusabalalisa ngokuvamile ukugcinwa kwendlu kanye nezinhlelo zokusabalalisa izincibilikisi eziphilayo ezifana ne-isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Amakamelo ahlanzekile ezimbonini ezididiyelwe zokwenziwa kwamawafa wesekethe nawo anendawo yokugcina udaka epholishayo kanye namagumbi okusabalalisa. Amakamelo okugcina amakhemikhali nawokusabalalisa ngokuvamile atholakala ezindaweni ezisizayo zokukhiqiza noma zokusekela eduze noma eduze nezindawo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile, ngokuvamile esitezi sokuqala lapho umuntu ekwazi ukufinyelela ngaphandle.

3. Amakamelo okugcina amakhemikhali kanye nokusabalalisa afakwe imiphongolo yokugcina noma amathangi amakhono ahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni, ubuningi, nezici zokusebenzisa amakhemikhali adingekayo ekukhiqizeni umkhiqizo. Ngokwamazinga nemithethonqubo, amakhemikhali kufanele agcinwe ngokwehlukana futhi ahlukaniswe. Umthamo wemiphongolo noma amathangi asetshenzisiwe kufanele wanele izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali. Imiphongolo yansuku zonke noma amathangi kufanele futhi ahlinzekwe, namandla anele ukumboza ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali amahora angama-24 adingekayo ekukhiqizeni umkhiqizo. Amakamelo okugcina nokusabalalisa izincibilikisi ezivuthayo kanye namakhemikhali e-oxidizing kufanele ahlukaniswe futhi ahlukaniswe namakamelo aseduze ngezindonga eziqinile ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo ezinesilinganiso sokumelana nomlilo samahora angu-3.0. Uma zitholakala esitezi sokuqala sesakhiwo esinezitezi eziningi, kufanele zihlukaniswe nezinye izindawo ngamaphansi angashi anesilinganiso sokumelana nomlilo okungenani amahora angu-1.5. Igumbi lokulawula eliphakathi nendawo lokuphepha kwamakhemikhali nohlelo lokuqapha ngaphakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele libe ekamelweni elihlukile.

4. Ubude bendawo yokugcina amakhemikhali kanye namakamelo okusabalalisa amakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele kunqunywe ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezidingo zesakhiwo samapayipi futhi akufanele kube ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-4.5. Uma itholakala ngaphakathi kwendawo yokukhiqiza eyinsiza yekamelo elihlanzekile, ukuphakama kwendawo yokugcina amakhemikhali kanye negumbi lokusabalalisa kufanele kuhambisane nokuphakama kwesakhiwo.