Wazi kangakanani ngegumbi elihlanzekile?

Ukuzalwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile

Ukuvela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwawo wonke ubuchwepheshe kungenxa yezidingo zokukhiqiza. Ubuchwepheshe begumbi elihlanzekile alifani. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, i-gyroscopes ethwala umoya ekhiqizwe e-United States for Igastigation yokuhamba ngendiza bekufanele iphinde isetshenziswe isilinganiso sezikhathi eziyi-120 kuzo zonke izinhlobo eziyi-10 ngenxa yekhwalithi engazinzile ngenxa yekhwalithi engazinzile ngenxa yekhwalithi engazinzile ngenxa yekhwalithi engazinzile ngenxa yekhwalithi engazinzile ngenxa yekhwalithi engazinzile ngenxa yekhwalithi engazinzile ngenxa yekhwalithi engazinzile. Ngesikhathi sempi yaseKorea ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1950s, izingxenye ezingaphezu kwesigidi ze-elektroniki zathathelwa indawo imishini yokuxhumana nge-160,000 yezokuxhumana e-United States. Ukwehluleka kwe-radar kwenzeke ama-84% wesikhathi, futhi ukwehluleka kwasemanzini ukwehluleka kwenzeke ama-48% wesikhathi. Isizathu ukuthi amadivaysi kagesi nezingxenye zinokwethenjwa okungalungile nekhwalithi engazinzile. Amasosha nabakhiqizi baphenya imbangela futhi ekugcineni banquma ezicini eziningi ezazihlobene nendawo yokukhiqiza engcolile. Yize kungekho izindleko ezazisindisiwe futhi kwathathwa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuqina ukuvala umhlangano wokufunda, imiphumela yayincane. Ngakho-ke lokhu bekungukuzalwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile!

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwegumbi Elihlanzekile

Isigaba sokuqala: kuze kube ekuqaleni kwawo-1950s, i-Hepa-Phendula i-High C imbewu ethuthukiswe yi-US Atomic Energy Commission ngo-1951 ukuxazulula inkinga yokuthwebula abantu abayingozi kubantu, yasetshenziswa ohlelweni lokulethwa wezindawo zokusebenzela zokukhiqiza. Ukuhlunga komoya kwabeletha ngempela egumbini elihlanzekile elinokubaluleka kwesimanje.

Isigaba sesibili: Ngo-1961, uWillis Whenfield, umcwaningi omkhulu eSandia National Laboratories e-United States, wahlongoza ukuthi yini ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Lamimirar igeleza ngaleso sikhathi, futhi manje ibizwa nge-UNIDIRAREL. (Ukugeleza kwe-Unirectional Flow) Hlanza I-Air Flow Organ Organisation futhi usetshenziselwe amaphrojekthi wangempela. Kusukela lapho, igumbi elihlanzekile selifinyelele ezingeni elingakaze libonwe ngokuhlanzeka.

Isigaba sesithathu: Ngonyaka ofanayo, amabutho e-US Air ahlelwe futhi akhiphe i-World's Orning Igumbi elijwayelekile libe-00-25-203-203-203-203--203 Ngalesi sisekelo, i-US Federal Standard Fed-STD-209, ehlukanise amakamelo ahlanzekile abe ngamazinga amathathu, yamenyezelwa ngoDisemba 1963.

Le ntuthuko emithathu ebalulekile ivame ukubiyelwa njengezingqophamlando ezintathu emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwegumbi lesimanje.

Maphakathi nawo-1960s, amakamelo ahlanzekile ayevela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezimboni e-United States. Akuzange kusetshenziswe kuphela embonini yezempi, kepha futhi kugqugquzelwa kuma-elekthronikhi, ama-micro, amabhele amancane, amafilimu anezimboni, edlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwesayensi, ubuchwepheshe kanye nomkhakha Ngaleso sikhathi. Kuze kube manje, okulandelayo kuwukungethwa okuningiliziwe kwamazwe asekhaya nawamanye amazwe.

Ukuqhathanisa ukuthuthukiswa

Phesheya: ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1950s, ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokuthwebula uthuli oluyingozi emzimbeni womuntu, i-US Atomic Energy Commission yethule i-Persicle Air Filter (Hepa) ngo-1950, eyaba yingqopha yokuqala Umlando wokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile. Ngawo-1960, amakamelo ahlanzekile avela emishini yokucacisa ngogesi namanye amafektri e-United States. Ngasikhathi sinye, inqubo yokufakelwa kwezimboni zekamelo lekamelo lezimboni kumagumbi ahlanzekile okuphilayo kwaqala. Ngo-1961, ukugeleza kwama-laminar (ukugeleza kwe-Unidirectional) igumbi elihlanzekile kwazalwa. Igumbi lokuhlanza elihlanzekile emhlabeni jikelele - Imfundiso Yomoya yase-US AIR Technical Imfundiso yobuchwepheshe 203 yakhiwa. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970, ukugxila kwegumbi elihlanzekile ukwakhiwa kwaqala ukuguqukela ezimbonini zezokwelapha, ezenzakahle, zokudla kanye nezimboni ze-biochemical. Ngaphezu kwe-United States, amanye amazwe athuthuke kakhulu afana neJapan, Germany, i-United Kingdom, eFrance, eSwitzerland, eyayiyiSoviet Union, iNetherlands, njll. Futhi inamathela ngokubaluleka kobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile. Ngemuva kweminyaka yama-1980s, i-United States kanye neJapan bathuthukise ngempumelelo izihlungi ezintsha ze-Ultra-hepa ngelitshe le-filtration le-0.1 μm kanye nokusebenza okuqoqiwe kwama-99.99%. Ekugcineni, amakamelo ahlanzekile e-Ultra-hepa ane-0.1μm level 10 kanye ne-0.1μm level 1 ayakhiwa, okuletha ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile kube inkathi entsha.

I-China: kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960s ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, le minyaka eyishumi kwakuyisigaba sokuqala nesisekelo sobuchwepheshe begumbi elihlanzekile laseChina. Cishe eminyakeni eyishumi ngemuva kwezwe lonke. Kwakuyinkathi ekhetheke kakhulu futhi enzima, enomnotho obuthakathaka futhi akukho makhulumela wezwe eliqinile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ezinzima nasezindaweni eziphathelene nemishini yokunemba, ithuluzi lezindiza kanye nezimboni ze-elekthronikhi, izisebenzi zobuchwepheshe bezindawo ezihlanzekile zeChina zaqala uhambo lwazo lwebhizinisi. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 kuya ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980s, ubuchwepheshe baseChina buhlanzekile babhekana nesigaba sokukhula kwelanga. Ehlelweni lokuthuthuka lobuchwepheshe be-China Clean Clean Technology, okuphawuleka okuningi kanye nezimpumelelo ezibalulekile cishe zazizalwe kulesi sigaba. Izinkomba zifinyelele ezingeni lobuchwepheshe lamazwe aphesheya ngawo-1980. Kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yamanje, ezomnotho waseChina uzilondoloze ukukhula okuzinzile futhi okusheshayo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamazwe omhlaba kuqhubeke ukufakwa, kanti amaqembu amaningi amazwe ahlukahlukene akhiwe ngempumelelo amafektri amaningi ase-microelectonics eChina. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bekhaya kanye nabacwaningi banamathuba amaningi okuxhumana ngqo nemiqondo yokwakhiwa kwamakamelo ahlanzekile aphezulu, futhi uqonde imishini esezingeni eliphakeme emhlabeni namadivayisi, ukuphathwa kanye nokunakekela, njll.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinkampani zaseChina ezihlanzekile zaseChina nazo zithuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu. Izindinganiso zokuphila zabantu ziyaqhubeka zithuthuka, futhi izidingo zazo zemvelo yokuphila kanye nekhwalithi yempilo ziya ngokuya ziphezulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokubuchwepheshe begumbi elihlanzekile buye bavumelanisa kancane kancane ekuhlanzeni komoya wasendlini. Njengamanje, amaphrojekthi wegumbi elihlanzekile laseChina awalungele ama-elekthronikhi kuphela, imishini kagesi, umuthi, ukudla, ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nezinye izimboni, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi lusetshenziswe emakhaya, kodwa izikhungo zemfundo, njll. Ngentuthuko eqhubekayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinkampani zobunjiniyela bezindawo ezihlanzekile ziye zasakazekela kancane izinkulungwane zemizi. Isikali soMkhakha Wezinsimbi Ezihlanzekile sasekhaya sikhule usuku nosuku, futhi abantu sebeqalile ukujabulela kancane kancane imiphumela yobunjiniyela begumbi elihlanzekile.