Ekuhlobiseni igumbi lokuhlanza imithi le-GMP, uhlelo lwe-HVAC luyinto eza kuqala. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukulawulwa kwemvelo kwegumbi elihlanzekile kungahlangabezana nezidingo kuncike kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-HVAC. Uhlelo lokufudumala komoya kanye ne-air conditioning (HVAC) lubizwa nangokuthi uhlelo lokuhlanza umoya ekamelweni elihlanzekile le-GMP yemithi. Uhlelo lwe-HVAC lucubungula kakhulu umoya ongena ekamelweni futhi lulawula izinga lokushisa lomoya, umswakama, izinhlayiya ezilengayo, ama-microorganisms, umehluko wokucindezela kanye nezinye izinkomba zendawo yokukhiqiza imithi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imingcele yemvelo ihlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi yemithi futhi igweme ukwenzeka kokungcoliswa komoya kanye nokungcola okuphambene ngenkathi inikeza indawo ekhululekile kubasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ze-HVAC zegumbi elihlanzekile imithi zinganciphisa futhi zivimbele imiphumela emibi yemithi kubantu ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi zivikele indawo ezungezile.
Umklamo ophelele wohlelo lokuhlanza umoya opholile
Iyunithi iyonke yesistimu yokuhlanza umoya kanye nezingxenye zayo kufanele yakhelwe ngokwezidingo zemvelo. Iyunithi ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezifana nokushisa, ukupholisa, umswakama, ukususa umswakama, kanye nokuhlunga. Ezinye izingxenye zifaka amafeni okukhipha umoya, amafeni omoya obuyayo, izinhlelo zokubuyisa amandla okushisa, njll. Akufanele kube nezinto eziwayo esakhiweni sangaphakathi sesistimu ye-HVAC, futhi izikhala kufanele zibe zincane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kothuli. Izinhlelo ze-HVAC kumele zibe lula ukuzihlanza futhi zimelane nokushisa kanye nokubulala amagciwane okudingekayo.
1. Uhlobo lwesistimu ye-HVAC
Izinhlelo zokuhlanza umoya zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlelo zokupholisa umoya ze-DC kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya ezisebenzisa kabusha. Uhlelo lokupholisa umoya lwe-DC luthumela umoya ongaphandle ocutshunguliwe ongahlangabezana nezidingo zesikhala ekamelweni, bese lukhipha wonke umoya. Uhlelo lusebenzisa wonke umoya ohlanzekile wangaphandle. Uhlelo lokupholisa umoya olusebenzisa kabusha, okungukuthi, umoya ohlanzekile wegumbi uxutshwa nengxenye yomoya ohlanzekile wangaphandle ocutshunguliwe kanye nengxenye yomoya obuyayo ovela endaweni ehlanzekile yegumbi. Njengoba uhlelo lokupholisa umoya olusebenzisa kabusha lunezinzuzo zokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphansi kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi, uhlelo lokupholisa umoya olusebenzisa kabusha kufanele lusetshenziswe ngendlela enengqondo ngangokunokwenzeka ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokupholisa umoya. Umoya kwezinye izindawo ezikhethekile zokukhiqiza awukwazi ukuphinda usetshenziswe, njengegumbi elihlanzekile (indawo) lapho kukhishwa khona uthuli ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi ukungcola okuphambene akunakugwenywa uma umoya wangaphakathi uphathwa; kusetshenziswa izinyibilikisi eziphilayo ekukhiqizeni, futhi ukuqongelela kwegesi kungabangela ukuqhuma noma imililo kanye nezinqubo eziyingozi; izindawo zokusebenza kwezifo; izindawo zokukhiqiza imithi enemisebe; izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezikhiqiza inani elikhulu lezinto eziyingozi, amaphunga noma amagesi aguquguqukayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza.
Indawo yokukhiqiza imithi ngokuvamile ingahlukaniswa ngezindawo eziningana ezinamazinga ahlukene okuhlanzeka. Izindawo ezahlukene ezihlanzekile kufanele zifakwe amayunithi okuphatha umoya azimele. Uhlelo ngalunye lokupholisa umoya luhlukaniswe ngokomzimba ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa okuxubile phakathi kwemikhiqizo. Amayunithi okuphatha umoya azimele angasetshenziswa futhi ezindaweni ezahlukene zomkhiqizo noma ahlukanise izindawo ezahlukene ukuze ahlukanise izinto eziyingozi ngokuhlunga umoya okuqinile nokuvimbela ukungcoliswa okuxubile ngohlelo lwemibhobho yomoya, njengezindawo zokukhiqiza, izindawo zokukhiqiza ezisizayo, izindawo zokugcina, izindawo zokuphatha, njll. kufanele zifakwe iyunithi yokuphatha umoya ehlukene. Ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezinezikhathi zokusebenza ezahlukene noma izikhathi zokusebenzisa kanye nomehluko omkhulu ezidingweni zokulawula izinga lokushisa nomswakama, izinhlelo zokupholisa umoya kufanele nazo zisethwe ngokwehlukana.
2. Imisebenzi nezilinganiso
(1). Ukushisa nokupholisa
Indawo yokukhiqiza kufanele ivumelane nezidingo zokukhiqiza. Uma kungekho zidingo ezikhethekile zokukhiqizwa kwemithi, izinga lokushisa lamakamelo ahlanzekile e-Class C kanye ne-Class D lingalawulwa ku-18~26°C, kanti izinga lokushisa lamakamelo ahlanzekile e-Class A kanye ne-Class B lingalawulwa ku-20~24°C. Ekamelweni elihlanzekile, ama-coil ashisayo nabandayo anamaphiko okudlulisa ukushisa, ukushisa kagesi okushubhu, njll. angasetshenziswa ukufudumeza nokupholisa umoya, nokuphatha umoya ezingeni lokushisa elidingwa yigumbi elihlanzekile. Uma umthamo womoya omusha mkhulu, ukufudumala komoya omusha kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuvimbela ama-coil aphansi ukuthi angabandi. Noma sebenzisa ama-solvent ashisayo nabandayo, njengamanzi ashisayo nabandayo, umusi ogcwele, i-ethylene glycol, ama-refrigerant ahlukahlukene, njll. Lapho kunqunywa ama-solvent ashisayo nabandayo, izidingo zokwelashwa kokushisa komoya noma ukupholisa, izidingo zokuhlanzeka, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ezomnotho, njll. Yenza ukukhetha ngokusekelwe ezindleleni nakwezinye izimo.
(2). Ukufaka umswakama kanye nokususa umswakama
Umswakama ohlobene wegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele uhambisane nezidingo zokukhiqiza imithi, futhi indawo yokukhiqiza imithi kanye nenduduzo yomqhubi kufanele kuqinisekiswe. Uma kungekho zidingo ezikhethekile zokukhiqiza imithi, umswakama ohlobene wezindawo ezihlanzekile zeKlasi C kanye neKlasi D ulawulwa ku-45% kuya ku-65%, kanti umswakama ohlobene wezindawo ezihlanzekile zeKlasi A kanye neKlasi B ulawulwa ku-45% kuya ku-60%.
Imikhiqizo eyimpuphu engcolile noma amalungiselelo amaningi aqinile adinga indawo yokukhiqiza enomswakama ophansi. Ama-dehumidifier nama-post-cooler angacatshangelwa ukuze asuse umswakama. Ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kanye nezindleko zokusebenza, izinga lokushisa lamazolo ngokuvamile kudingeka libe ngaphansi kuka-5°C. Indawo yokukhiqiza enomswakama ophezulu ingagcinwa ngokusebenzisa umusi wefektri, umusi omsulwa olungiselelwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile, noma nge-humidifier yomusi. Lapho igumbi elihlanzekile linezidingo zomswakama ohlobene, umoya wangaphandle ehlobo kufanele upholiswe yi-cooler bese ufudunyezwa ngokushisa yi-heater ukuze kulungiswe umswakama ohlobene. Uma ugesi oqinile wangaphakathi udinga ukulawulwa, umswakama kufanele ucatshangelwe ezindaweni ezibandayo noma ezomile.
(3). Isihlungi
Inani lezinhlayiya zothuli kanye nama-microorganisms emoyeni omusha kanye nomoya obuyayo lingancishiswa libe lincane ngezihlungi ohlelweni lwe-HVAC, okuvumela indawo yokukhiqiza ukuthi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuhlanzeka ezijwayelekile. Ezinhlelweni zokuhlanza umoya opholile, ukuhlunga umoya ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: ukuhlunga kwangaphambi kokuhlunga, ukuhlunga okuphakathi kanye nokuhlunga kwe-hepa. Isigaba ngasinye sisebenzisa izihlungi zezinto ezahlukene. Isihlungi sangaphambi kokuhlunga siphansi kakhulu futhi sifakwa ekuqaleni kweyunithi yokuphatha umoya. Singabamba izinhlayiya ezinkulu emoyeni (usayizi wezinhlayiya ngaphezu kwama-micron angu-3). Ukuhlunga okuphakathi kutholakala phansi kwesihlungi sangaphambi kokuhlunga futhi kufakwe phakathi kweyunithi yokuphatha umoya lapho umoya obuyayo ungena khona. Kusetshenziselwa ukubamba izinhlayiya ezincane (usayizi wezinhlayiya ngaphezu kwama-micron angu-0.3). Ukuhlunga kokugcina kutholakala esigabeni sokukhipha seyunithi yokuphatha umoya, okungagcina ipayipi lihlanzekile futhi kwandise impilo yesevisi yesihlungi sokugcina.
Uma izinga lokuhlanzeka kwegumbi elihlanzekile liphezulu, kufakwa isihlungi se-hepa phansi kokuhlunga kokugcina njengedivayisi yokuhlunga ye-terminal. Idivayisi yokuhlunga ye-terminal itholakala ekugcineni kweyunithi yesibambo somoya futhi ifakwe ophahleni noma odongeni lwegumbi. Ingaqinisekisa ukutholakala komoya ohlanzekile kakhulu futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza noma ukuthumela izinhlayiya ezikhishwe ekamelweni elihlanzekile, njengegumbi elihlanzekile le-Class B noma isizinda segumbi elihlanzekile le-Class A ku-Class B.
(4) .Ukulawula ingcindezi
Iningi lamakamelo ahlanzekile ligcina ingcindezi enhle, kuyilapho i-anteroom eholela kuleli gumbi elihlanzekile igcina ingcindezi enhle ephansi nephansi ngokulandelana, kuze kufike ezingeni eliyisisekelo le-zero lezindawo ezingalawulwa (izakhiwo ezijwayelekile). Umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwezindawo ezihlanzekile nezindawo ezingahlanzekile kanye naphakathi kwezindawo ezihlanzekile zamazinga ahlukene akufanele ube ngaphansi kwama-10 Pa. Uma kudingeka, i-gradients efanele yokucindezela kufanele futhi igcinwe phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene ezisebenzayo (amakamelo okusebenza) zezinga elifanayo lokuhlanzeka. Ingcindezi enhle egcinwa ekamelweni elihlanzekile ingatholakala ngomthamo wokunikezwa komoya omkhulu kunomthamo wokukhipha umoya. Ukushintsha umthamo wokunikezwa komoya kungalungisa umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwegumbi ngalinye. Ukukhiqizwa kwemithi ekhethekile, njengemithi ye-penicillin, izindawo zokusebenza ezikhiqiza uthuli olukhulu kufanele zigcine ingcindezi embi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 19-2023