Ububanzi bokutholwa: ukuhlolwa kokuhlanzeka kwegumbi elihlanzekile, ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kobunjiniyela, okuhlanganisa ukudla, imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwempilo, izimonyo, amanzi asemabhodleleni, indawo yokusebenzela yokukhiqiza ubisi, indawo yokusebenzela yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo kagesi, igumbi lokuhlinza esibhedlela, indawo yokusebenzela yezilwane, indawo yokusebenzela yokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo, ikhabhinethi yokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo, ibhentshi lokusebenza elihlanzekile kakhulu, indawo yokusebenzela engenalo uthuli, indawo yokusebenzela ehlanzekile, njll.
Izinto zokuhlola: ijubane lomoya kanye nomthamo womoya, inani lokushintsha komoya, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, umehluko wokucindezela, izinhlayiya ezilengayo, amabhaktheriya e-planktonic, amabhaktheriya e-sedimentation, umsindo, ukukhanya, njll.
1. Ijubane lomoya, ivolumu yomoya kanye nenani lezinguquko zomoya
Ukuhlanzeka kwamakamelo ahlanzekile nezindawo ezihlanzekile kufezwa kakhulu ngokuthumela umoya ohlanzekile owanele ukuze kususwe futhi kuncishiswe ukungcola okukhiqizwa ekamelweni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile kakhulu ukukala umthamo womoya, isivinini somoya esimaphakathi, ukufana komoya, indlela yokugeleza komoya kanye nephethini yokugeleza kwamakamelo ahlanzekile noma izindawo ezihlanzekile.
Ukugeleza okuqonde ngqo kuncike kakhulu ekugelezeni komoya ohlanzekile ukuze kusunduzwe futhi kususwe umoya ongcolile egumbini nasendaweni ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlanzeka kwegumbi nendawo. Ngakho-ke, ijubane lomoya kanye nokufana kwesigaba salo sokunikezwa komoya kuyimingcele ebalulekile ethinta ukuhlanzeka. Ijubane lomoya eliphakeme, elifanayo kakhulu elingasusa ukungcola okubangelwa izinqubo zangaphakathi ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo, ngakho-ke yizinto eziyinhloko zokuhlola okufanele zigxilwe kuzo.
Ukugeleza okungahambisani nohlangothi olulodwa kuncike kakhulu emoyeni ohlanzekile ongenayo ukuze kuncishiswe futhi kuncishiswe ukungcola egumbini nasendaweni ukuze kulondolozwe ukuhlanzeka kwalo. Ngakho-ke, lapho inani lokushintsha komoya likhula, lapho iphethini yokugeleza komoya inengqondo khona, umphumela wokuxuba ubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukuhlanzeka kuzothuthukiswa ngokufanele. Ngakho-ke, amakamelo okuhlanza okugeleza okungeyona ingxenye eyodwa, ivolumu yokunikezwa komoya ohlanzekile kanye nezinguquko zomoya ezihambisanayo yizinto eziyinhloko zokuhlola ukugeleza komoya okufanele zigxilwe kuzo. Ukuze uthole ukufundwa okuphindaphindwayo, bhala isilinganiso sesikhathi sesivinini somoya endaweni ngayinye yokulinganisa. Inani lokushintsha komoya: Libalwa ngokuhlukanisa ivolumu yomoya iyonke yegumbi elihlanzekile ngevolumu yegumbi elihlanzekile.
2. Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama
Ukulinganiswa kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama emakamelweni ahlanzekile noma ezindaweni ezihlanzekile kuvame ukuhlukaniswa ngamazinga amabili: ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokuhlolwa okuphelele. Izinga lokuqala lifanele ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa okuphelele esimweni esingenalutho, kanti izinga lesibili lifanele ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okuguquguqukayo noma okuguquguqukayo. Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa lufanele izikhathi ezinezidingo eziqinile ekusebenzeni kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokufana komoya kanye nangemva kokuba uhlelo lokupholisa umoya selulungisiwe. Ngesikhathi salolu vivinyo, uhlelo lokupholisa umoya lwalusebenza ngokugcwele futhi izimo zase zizinzile. Setha okungenani inzwa eyodwa yomswakama endaweni ngayinye yokulawula umswakama, bese unikeza inzwa isikhathi esanele sokuzinza. Ukulinganiswa kufanele kufane nenhloso yokusetshenziswa kwangempela, futhi ukulinganisa kufanele kuqalwe ngemuva kokuba inzwa isizinzile, futhi isikhathi sokulinganisa akufanele sibe ngaphansi kwemizuzu emi-5.
3. Umehluko wokucindezela
Inhloso yalolu vivinyo ukuqinisekisa ikhono lokugcina ingcindezi ethile yokwehluka phakathi kwesakhiwo esiqediwe nendawo ezungezile, kanye naphakathi kwezikhala ngaphakathi kwesikhungo. Lokhu kutholwa kusebenza kuzo zonke izimo ezintathu zokuhlala. Lolu vivinyo ludinga ukwenziwa njalo. Ukuhlolwa kokwehluka kwengcindezi kufanele kwenziwe yonke iminyango ivaliwe, kusukela ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu kuya ekucindezelekeni okuphansi, kusukela ekamelweni elingaphakathi elikude kakhulu nangaphandle ngokwesakhiwo sohlelo, kanye nokuhlolwa ngaphandle ngokulandelana; amakamelo ahlanzekile aseduze anezinga elihlukene anezimbobo ezixhumene (indawo), kufanele kube nokuqondiswa komoya okunengqondo ekuvulekeni, njll.
4. Izinhlayiya ezilengayo
Indlela yokubala yokuhlushwa isetshenziswa, okungukuthi, inani lezinhlayiya ezilengisiwe elikhulu noma elilingana nosayizi othile wezinhlayiya kuyunithi yomthamo womoya endaweni ehlanzekile ilinganiswa ngekhawunta yezinhlayiya zothuli ukuhlola izinga lokuhlanzeka kwezinhlayiya ezilengisiwe egumbini elihlanzekile. Ngemva kokuba ithuluzi livuliwe futhi lifudunyezwe ukuze liqine, ithuluzi lingalinganiswa ngokwemiyalelo yokusebenzisa. Lapho ithubhu lokusampula libekwe endaweni yokusampula ukuze kuthathwe isampula, ukufundwa okuqhubekayo kungaqalwa kuphela ngemva kokuba ukubalwa sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuzinzile. Ithubhu lokusampula kumele lihlanzeke futhi ukuvuza kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele. Ubude bethubhu lokusampula kufanele busekelwe ebudeni obuvunyelwe bethuluzi. Ngaphandle kokuthi kuchazwe ngenye indlela, ubude akumele budlule u-1.5 m. Imbobo yokusampula yekhawunta kanye nendawo yokusebenza yethuluzi kufanele kube semoyeni ofanayo kanye nokushisa ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha okulinganisa. Ithuluzi kumele lilinganiswe njalo ngokwemijikelezo yokulinganisa yethuluzi.
5. Amagciwane e-planktonic
Inani elincane lamaphuzu okuthatha isampula lihambisana nenani lamaphuzu okuthatha isampula yezinhlayiya ezilengisiwe. Iphuzu lokulinganisa endaweni yokusebenza licishe libe ngu-0.8-1.2m ngaphezu komhlaba. Iphuzu lokulinganisa endaweni yokukhipha umoya liqhele ngamasentimitha angama-30 ukusuka endaweni yokunikeza umoya. Amaphuzu okulinganisa angangezwa emishinini ebalulekile noma ezindaweni zomsebenzi ezibalulekile. Iphuzu ngalinye lokuthatha isampula livame ukuthathwa kanye. Ngemva kokuba konke ukuthatha isampula sekuqediwe, beka izitsha ze-petri ku-incubator yokushisa okungaguquki okungenani amahora angama-48. Iqoqo ngalinye lemidiya yokukhulisa kufanele libe nokuhlolwa kokulawula ukuhlola ukuthi indawo yokukhulisa ingcolisiwe yini.
6. Indawo yokulinganisa indawo yokusebenza yamabhaktheriya e-sedimentation icishe ibe ngu-0.8-1.2m ngaphezu komhlabathi. Beka isitsha se-petri esilungisiwe endaweni yokuthatha isampula, vula isembozo sesitsha se-petri, usibeke isikhathi esibekiwe, bese usimboza isitsha se-petri, bese ubeka isitsha se-culture. Izitsha kufanele zikhuliswe endaweni yokushisa engaguquki okungenani amahora angama-48. Iqoqo ngalinye lesitsha se-culture kufanele libe nokuhlolwa kokulawula ukuhlola ukuthi isitsha se-culture singcolile yini.
7. Umsindo
Ukuphakama kokulinganisa kungamamitha angu-1.2 ukusuka phansi. Uma indawo yegumbi elihlanzekile ingaphansi kwamamitha-skwele angu-15, kungalinganiswa iphuzu elilodwa kuphela maphakathi negumbi; amaphuzu okuhlola abheke emakhoneni.
8. Ukukhanya
Indawo yokulinganisa iqhele ngamamitha angu-0.8 ukusuka phansi, futhi amaphuzu ahlelwe ngebanga lamamitha amabili. Izindawo zokulinganisa emakamelweni angaphakathi kwamamitha-skwele angu-30 ziqhele ngamamitha angu-0.5 ukusuka ezindongeni eziseceleni, kanti izindawo zokulinganisa emakamelweni angaphezu kwamamitha-skwele angu-30 ziqhele ngamamitha angu-1 ukusuka odongeni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-07-2023