Njengendawo elawulwa kakhulu, amakamelo ahlanzekile asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ngokuhlinzeka ngendawo ehlanzekile kakhulu, ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo kuyaqinisekiswa, ukungcola kanye namaphutha kuyancishiswa, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokuthembeka kuyathuthukiswa. Ukuklama nokuphathwa kwamakamelo ahlanzekile emikhakheni ehlukene kudingeka kwenziwe ngokwezidingo ezithile kanye namazinga ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zokuhlanzeka. Nazi izindawo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwamakamelo ahlanzekile:
Igumbi lokuhlanza elekthronikhi
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor kungenye yezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kwamakamelo ahlanzekile. Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-chip, njenge-photolithography, i-etching, i-thin film deposition nezinye izinqubo, inezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhlanzeka kwemvelo. Izinhlayiya ezincane zothuli zingabangela imijikelezo emifushane noma ezinye izinkinga zokusebenza kuma-chip. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizweni kwama-chip anenqubo engama-nanometer angu-28 nangaphansi, kuyadingeka ukwenza emakamelweni ahlanzekile e-ISO 3-ISO 4 ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yama-chip. Ukukhiqizwa kwezibonisi ze-liquid crystal (ama-LCD) kanye nezibonisi ze-organic-emitting diode (ama-OLED) nakho akuhlukaniswa namakamelo ahlanzekile. Enkambisweni yokukhiqiza yalezi zibonisi, njenge-liquid crystal perfusion, i-organic material coating kanye nezinye izixhumanisi, indawo ehlanzekile isiza ukuvimbela amaphutha afana nama-pixel afile namabala akhanyayo esikrinini.
Igumbi lokuhlanza lemithi
Imboni yezemithi iwukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamakamelo ahlanzekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemithi yamakhemikhali noma imithi yezinto eziphilayo, zonke izixhumanisi ezivela ekucutshungulweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekupakishweni kwemithi kudingeka zenziwe endaweni ehlanzekile. Ikakhulukazi, ukukhiqizwa kwemithi ehlanzekile, njengemijovo kanye nokulungiswa kwamehlo, kudinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kakhulu kwamagciwane nezinhlayiya. Ukukhiqizwa kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha, njengamadivayisi ezokwelapha angafakwa kanye nezinsimbi zokuhlinza, kungakhiqizwa ekamelweni elihlanzekile ukuqinisekisa ukungcola okungenazinhlayiya kwamadivayisi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kweziguli. Amakamelo okusebenzela esibhedlela, amayunithi okunakekela abagula kakhulu (ama-ICU), amawadi ahlanzekile, njll. nawo ayingxenye yesigaba samakamelo ahlanzekile, asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwesiguli.
Igumbi lokuhlanza izindiza
Ukucubungula ngokunemba nokuhlanganisa izingxenye zezindiza kudinga indawo ehlanzekile yegumbi. Isibonelo, ekucubungulweni kwezinsika zenjini yendiza, ukungcola okuncane kwezinhlayiya kungabangela amaphutha ebusweni bezinsika, okuthi kuthinte ukusebenza nokuphepha kwenjini. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nezinsimbi zokukhanya emishinini yezindiza nakho kudinga ukwenziwa endaweni ehlanzekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile endaweni ekude kakhulu yesikhala.
Igumbi lokuhlanza ukudla
Kokunye ukudla okunenani eliphezulu, okubolayo, njengobisi lwezinsana nokudla okomisiwe okuqandisiwe, ubuchwepheshe begumbi elihlanzekile buyasiza ekwandiseni impilo yeshelufu yemikhiqizo nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla. Ukusebenzisa igumbi elihlanzekile emaphaketheni okudla kungavimbela ukungcola kwamagciwane futhi kugcine ikhwalithi yokuqala yokudla.
Igumbi lokuhlanza elihlanzekile lokukhiqiza ngokunembile
Ekucutshungulweni kwemishini enembile, njengokukhiqizwa kokunyakaza kwamawashi aphezulu kanye nama-bearings anembile kakhulu, amakamelo ahlanzekile anganciphisa umthelela wothuli ezingxenyeni ezinembile futhi athuthukise ukunemba komkhiqizo kanye nokuphila kwesevisi. Inqubo yokukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa izinsimbi ezibonakalayo, njenge-photolithography lens kanye nama-astronomical telescope lens, ingagwema ukuklwebheka, ukugoba kanye nezinye izinkinga ebusweni belensi endaweni ehlanzekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-11-2025