1. Amakamelo ahlanzekile asetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezahlukene zezwe lami ezimbonini ezahlukene ezifana ne-elekthronikhi, i-biopharmaceuticals, izindiza, imishini enembile, amakhemikhali amahle, ukucubungula ukudla, imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimonyo, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi. Izindawo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile, izindawo zokuhlola ezihlanzekile kanye nokubaluleka kokudala indawo yokusetshenziswa ehlanzekile kuyaqashelwa noma kuqashelwa ngabantu. Amakamelo amaningi ahlanzekile ahlonyiswe ngemishini yokukhiqiza kanye nemishini yokuhlola yocwaningo lwesayensi yamazinga ahlukahlukene kanye nokusebenzisa imidiya yenqubo ehlukahlukene. Iningi lawo liyimishini nezinsimbi ezibalulekile, hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi izindleko zokwakha zibiza kakhulu, kodwa futhi nezinye imidiya yenqubo evuthayo, eqhumayo neyingozi zivame ukusetshenziswa; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwezidingo zokuhlanzeka kwabantu nezinto ezibonakalayo ekamelweni elihlanzekile, izindlela zegumbi elihlanzekile (indawo) ngokuvamile zihanjiswa emuva naphambili, okwenza kube nzima ukuphuma kwabasebenzi, futhi ngenxa yokungabi nomoya, uma umlilo uvela, akulula ukutholakala ngaphandle, futhi kunzima ngabacishi bomlilo ukusondela nokungena. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi ukufakwa kwezindawo zokuphepha emlilweni ekamelweni elihlanzekile kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kungathiwa kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwegumbi elihlanzekile. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuvimbela noma ukugwema ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho ekamelweni elihlanzekile kanye nomonakalo omkhulu empilweni yabasebenzi ngenxa yokuqhuma komlilo. Sekuyisivumelwano sokufaka izinhlelo ze-alamu yomlilo namadivayisi ahlukahlukene egumbini elihlanzekile, futhi kuyisinyathelo sokuphepha esibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, "izinhlelo ze-alamu yomlilo ezizenzakalelayo" okwamanje zifakiwe emakamelweni ahlanzekile asanda kwakhiwa, avuselelwe futhi anwetshiwe. Izinhlinzeko eziphoqelekile ku-"Factory Building Design Specifications": "Izitholi ze-alamu yomlilo kufanele zifakwe phansi kokukhiqiza, i-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe, igumbi lomshini, isakhiwo sesiteshi, njll. segumbi elihlanzekile.
2. Izinkinobho ze-alamu yomlilo ezenziwe ngesandla kufanele zifakwe ezindaweni zokukhiqiza nasemaphasejini ezindawo zokusebenzela ezihlanzekile. "Igumbi elihlanzekile kufanele lifakwe igumbi lomsebenzi womlilo noma igumbi lokulawula, okungafanele libe endaweni ehlanzekile. Igumbi lomsebenzi womlilo kufanele lifakwe i-switchboard ekhethekile yocingo yokuvikela umlilo. Imishini yokulawula umlilo kanye nokuxhumeka komugqa wegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele kube okuthembekile. Imisebenzi yokulawula nokubonisa yemishini yokulawula, kufanele ihambisane nezinhlinzeko ezifanele zezinga lamanje likazwelonke elithi "Imininingwane Yokuklama Yezinhlelo Ze-Alarm Yomlilo Ozenzakalelayo", ezidinga ukuthi ama-alamu omlilo emakamelweni ahlanzekile (izindawo) kufanele aqinisekiswe futhi kufanele kwenziwe izilawuli zokuxhumanisa umlilo ezilandelayo: iphampu yomlilo yangaphakathi kufanele iqalwe futhi isignali yayo yempendulo kufanele yamukelwe. Ngaphezu kokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, idivayisi yokulawula eqondile ngesandla kufanele futhi ibekwe egumbini lokulawula umlilo; umnyango kagesi ongashisi umlilo wezingxenye ezifanele kufanele uvalwe, ifeni yokujikeleza komoya opholile ehambisanayo, ifeni yokukhipha umoya kanye nefeni yomoya omusha kufanele imiswe, futhi izimpawu zazo zempendulo kufanele zamukelwe; izingxenye ezifanele kufanele zivalwe. Iminyango yomlilo kagesi kanye neminyango yesivalo somlilo kufanele ibe sezindaweni ezithile. Izibani eziphuthumayo ezisekelayo kanye nezibani zesibonakaliso sokuphuma kufanele zilawulwe ukuze zikhanye. Ekamelweni lokulawula umlilo noma ekamelweni lokusabalalisa elinogesi ophansi, amandla angewona umlilo ukuphakelwa kwezingxenye ezifanele kufanele kuqedwe ngesandla; isandisi-zwi esiphuthumayo somlilo kufanele siqalwe futhi sisakazwe ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo; ilifti kufanele ilawulwe ukuze yehle iye esitezi sokuqala futhi isignali yayo yokuphendula kufanele yamukelwe.
3. Ngenxa yezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo kanye nendawo ehlanzekile ekamelweni elihlanzekile, izinga lokuhlanzeka elidingekayo kufanele ligcinwe. Ngakho-ke, kugcizelelwa ekamelweni elihlanzekile ukuthi ngemva kwama-alamu okuthola umlilo, kufanele kwenziwe ukuqinisekiswa nokulawulwa ngesandla. Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi kwenzeke ngempela. Ngemva komlilo, imishini yokulawula ukuxhumanisa ebekwe ngokwemithetho isebenza futhi izibonakaliso zokuphendula ukuze kugwenywe ukubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. Izidingo zokukhiqiza emakamelweni ahlanzekile zihlukile kulezo ezisefektri evamile. Emakamelweni ahlanzekile (izindawo) anezidingo eziqinile zokuhlanzeka, uma uhlelo lokupholisa umoya oluhlanziwe luvaliwe futhi lubuyiselwa futhi, ukuhlanzeka kuzothinteka, okwenza lungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza inqubo futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa.
4. Ngokwezici zezindawo zokusebenzela ezihlanzekile, kufanele kufakwe izinto zokubona umlilo ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile, ama-mezzanine obuchwepheshe, amakamelo omshini nakwamanye amakamelo. Ngokwezidingo zezinga likazwelonke elithi "Ikhodi Yokuklama Yezinhlelo Zokuxwayisa Umlilo Ezizenzakalelayo", lapho ukhetha izinto zokubona umlilo, ngokuvamile kufanele wenze okulandelayo: Ezindaweni lapho kunesigaba sokusha ezigabeni zokuqala zomlilo, kukhiqizwa intuthu enkulu kanye nenani elincane lokushisa, futhi kuncane noma akukho misebe yelangabi, kufanele kukhethwe izinto zokubona umlilo ezizwa intuthu; ezindaweni lapho imililo ingakhula ngokushesha futhi ikhiqize inani elikhulu lokushisa, imisebe yentuthu kanye nelangabi, izinto zokubona umlilo ezizwa ukushisa, izinto zokubona umlilo ezizwa intuthu, izinto zokubona umlilo ezizwa ilangabi noma inhlanganisela yazo zingakhethwa; Ezindaweni lapho imililo ikhula ngokushesha, inemisebe enamandla yelangabi kanye nenani elincane lentuthu nokushisa, kufanele kusetshenziswe izinto zokubona umlilo. Ngenxa yokwehlukahlukana kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza zamabhizinisi zanamuhla kanye nezinto zokwakha, kunzima ukwahlulela ngokunembile ukuthambekela kokuthuthukiswa komlilo kanye nentuthu, ukushisa, imisebe yelangabi, njll. ekamelweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kunqunywe indawo yendawo evikelwe lapho umlilo ungase uvele khona kanye nezinto ezivuthayo, kuhlaziywe izinto, kwenziwe izivivinyo zomlilo ezilingiswayo, bese kukhethwa izinto zokuthola umlilo ezifanele ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa. Ngokuvamile, izinto zokuthola umlilo ezizwela izinga lokushisa azizweli kakhulu ekutholweni komlilo kunezinto zokuthola umlilo ezizwela izinga lokushisa. Izinto zokuthola umlilo ezizwela izinga lokushisa aziphenduli emlilweni ovuthayo futhi zingaphendula kuphela ngemva kokuba ilangabi lifinyelele ezingeni elithile. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokuthola umlilo ezizwela izinga lokushisa azifanelekeli ukuvikela izindawo lapho imililo emincane ingabangela ukulahlekelwa okungamukeleki, kodwa ukuthola umlilo ezizwela izinga lokushisa kufaneleka kakhulu ekuxwayisweni kusenesikhathi ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lento lishintsha khona ngqo. Izinto zokuthola umlilo zizosabela uma nje kukhona imisebe evela elangabini. Ezindaweni lapho imililo ihambisana namalangabi avulekile, impendulo esheshayo yezinto zokuthola umlilo ingcono kunezinto zokuthola umlilo ezizwela izinga lokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni lapho amalangabi avulekile evame ukusha, njengezizinto zokuthola umlilo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswa khona amagesi avuthayo.
5. Amakamelo ahlanzekile okukhiqiza amaphaneli edivayisi ye-LCD kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-optoelectronic avame ukudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindlela zokusha, zokuqhuma, kanye nezinqubo ezinobuthi. Ngakho-ke, ku-"Design Code for Clean room in electronic industry", kufakiwe izindawo zokuphepha emlilweni njenge-fire alarm. Amakamelo amaningi ahlanzekile embonini ye-elekthronikhi angaphansi kwezitshalo zokukhiqiza zeSigaba C futhi kufanele ahlukaniswe "njengezinga lokuvikela lesibili". Kodwa-ke, ekamelweni elihlanzekile embonini ye-elekthronikhi njengokukhiqiza ama-chip kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaphaneli edivayisi ye-LCD, ngenxa yezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi zemikhiqizo enjalo ye-elekthronikhi, ezinye izinqubo zokukhiqiza zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-chemical solvents ezisha kanye namagesi ashayo nanobuthi, amagesi akhethekile. Igumbi elihlanzekile liyindawo evaliwe. Uma kwenzeka isikhukhula, ukushisa ngeke kuvuze ndawo futhi umlilo uzosabalala ngokushesha. Ngemibhobho yomoya noma imibhobho yomoya, iziqhumane zizosabalala ngokushesha emipayipini yomoya, futhi umlilo uzosabalala ngokushesha. Imishini yokukhiqiza ibiza kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisa ukusetha kohlelo lwe-alamu yomlilo lwegumbi elihlanzekile. Ngakho-ke, kunqunywe ukuthi lapho indawo yokuvikela umlilo idlula imithetho, izinga lokuvikela kufanele lithuthukiswe liye ezingeni lokuqala.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-29-2023