Amakamelo ahlanzekile aya ngokuya esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene zaseShayina ezimbonini ezahlukene ezifana ne-elekthronikhi, i-biopharmaceuticals, izindiza, imishini enembile, amakhemikhali amahle, ukucubungula ukudla, imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimonyo, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi, oluhlinzeka ngezindawo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile, izindawo zokuhlola ezihlanzekile. Ukubaluleka kokudala indawo ehlanzekile kuya ngokuya kuqashelwa noma kuqashelwa ngabantu. Amakamelo amaningi ahlanzekile ahlonyiswe ngemishini yokukhiqiza kanye nemishini yokuhlola yocwaningo lwesayensi yamazinga ahlukahlukene futhi esebenzisa imidiya yenqubo ehlukahlukene. Iningi lawo liyimishini ebalulekile nemishini ebalulekile. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi izindleko zokwakha zibiza kakhulu, futhi ezinye imidiya yenqubo evuthayo, eqhumayo, neyingozi zivame ukusetshenziswa; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwezidingo zokuhlanzeka kwabantu nezinto ezibonakalayo ekamelweni elihlanzekile, izindlela zegumbi elihlanzekile (indawo) ngokuvamile ziyahanjiswa emuva naphambili, okwenza kube nzima ukuphuma kwabasebenzi. Ngenxa yokungabi nomoya, uma umlilo uvela, akulula ukutholakala ngaphandle, futhi kunzima ngabacishi bomlilo ukusondela nokungena. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi ukufakwa kwezindawo zokuphepha emlilweni emakamelweni ahlanzekile kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kungathiwa kuyinto eza kuqala ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwamakamelo ahlanzekile, kuyisinyathelo sokuphepha sokuvimbela noma ukugwema ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho emakamelweni ahlanzekile kanye nomonakalo omkhulu empilweni yabasebenzi ngenxa yokwenzeka komlilo. Sekuyisivumelwano sokufaka izinhlelo ze-alamu yomlilo namadivayisi ahlukahlukene emakamelweni ahlanzekile, futhi kuyisinyathelo sokuphepha esibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, "izinhlelo ze-alamu yomlilo ezenzakalelayo" okwamanje zifakiwe emakamelweni ahlanzekile asanda kwakhiwa, avuselelwe futhi anwetshiwe. Izinhlinzeko ezidingekayo ku-"Factory Building Design Specifications". Izitholi ze-alamu yomlilo kufanele zifakwe phansi kokukhiqiza, i-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe, igumbi lomshini, isakhiwo sesiteshi, njll. segumbi elihlanzekile.
Izinkinobho ze-alamu yomlilo ezenziwe ngesandla kufanele zifakwe ezindaweni zokukhiqiza nasemaphasejini ezindawo zokusebenzela ezihlanzekile. Igumbi elihlanzekile kufanele lifakwe igumbi lomsebenzi womlilo noma igumbi lokulawula, okungafanele libekwe endaweni ehlanzekile. Igumbi lomsebenzi womlilo kufanele lifakwe i-switchboard ekhethekile yocingo yokuvikela umlilo. Imishini yokulawula umlilo kanye nokuxhumeka komugqa wegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele kube okuthembekile. Imisebenzi yokulawula nokubonisa yemishini yokulawula, kufanele ihambisane nezinhlinzeko ezifanele zezinga lamanje likazwelonke elithi "Ikhodi Yokuklama Yezinhlelo Ze-Alarm Yomlilo Ezenzakalelayo". Lokhu kudinga ukuthi ama-alamu omlilo emakamelweni ahlanzekile (izindawo) kufanele aqinisekiswe futhi kufanele kwenziwe izilawuli zokuxhumanisa umlilo ezilandelayo: iphampu yomlilo yangaphakathi kufanele iqalwe futhi isignali yayo yokuphendula kufanele yamukelwe. Ngaphezu kokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, amadivayisi okulawula ngqo ngesandla kufanele abekwe futhi egumbini lokulawula umlilo; ama-damper omlilo kagesi ezingxenyeni ezifanele kufanele avaliwe, abalandeli bokujikeleza komoya opholile abahambisanayo, abalandeli bokukhipha umoya kanye nabalandeli bomoya omusha kufanele bamiswe, futhi izimpawu zabo zokuphendula kufanele zamukelwe; izingxenye ezifanele kufanele zivalwe njengeminyango yomlilo kagesi kanye neminyango yokuvala umlilo. Izibani zokukhanyisa eziphuthumayo ezisekelayo kanye nezibani zophawu lokuphuma kufanele zilawulwe ukuze zikhanye. Egumbini lokulawula umlilo noma ekamelweni lokusabalalisa elinogesi ophansi, ugesi ongewona owomlilo oya ezingxenyeni ezifanele kufanele unqunywe ngesandla; isandisi-zwi esiphuthumayo somlilo kufanele siqalwe ukuze kusakazwe ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo; ilifti kufanele ilawulwe iye phansi esitezi sokuqala futhi kufanele kwamukelwe isignali yayo yokuphendula.
Ngenxa yezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo kanye negumbi elihlanzekile (indawo), izinga lokuhlanzeka elidingekayo kufanele ligcinwe. Ngakho-ke, kugcizelelwa ekamelweni elihlanzekile ukuthi ngemva kwama-alamu okuthola umlilo, ukuqinisekiswa ngesandla nokulawulwa kufanele kwenziwe. Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi umlilo uvele ngempela, imishini yokulawula ukuxhumana ebekwe ngokwemithetho isebenza futhi ibuyisela emuva izimpawu ukuze igweme ukubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. Izidingo zokukhiqiza emakamelweni ahlanzekile zihlukile kulezo ezisefektri ezivamile. Emakamelweni ahlanzekile (izindawo) anezidingo eziqinile zokuhlanzeka, uma uhlelo lokupholisa umoya oluhlanzekile luvaliwe futhi lubuyiselwa futhi, ukuhlanzeka kuzothinteka, okwenza lungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza inqubo futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa.
Ngokwezici zezindawo zokusebenzela ezihlanzekile, kufanele kufakwe izinto zokubona umlilo ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile, ama-mezzanine obuchwepheshe, amakamelo omshini nakwamanye amakamelo. Ngokwezidingo zezinga likazwelonke elithi "Ikhodi Yokuklama Yezinhlelo Zokuxwayisa Ngomlilo Ozenzakalelayo", lapho ukhetha izinto zokubona umlilo, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi: kukhona isigaba sokusha ekuqaleni komlilo, okukhiqiza intuthu enkulu kanye nokushisa okuncane, kanye nokutholakala okuncane noma okungekho nhlobo. Ezindaweni lapho kuvela khona imisebe yelangabi, kufanele kusetshenziswe izinto zokubona umlilo ezizwa intuthu; ezindaweni lapho imililo ingakhula ngokushesha futhi ikhiqize ukushisa okukhulu, imisebe yentuthu kanye nelangabi, izinto zokubona umlilo ezizwa ukushisa, izinto zokubona umlilo ezizwa intuthu, izinto zokubona umlilo ezizwa ilangabi noma inhlanganisela yazo; izinto zokubona umlilo kufanele zisetshenziswe ezindaweni lapho imililo ikhula ngokushesha, inemisebe enamandla yelangabi kanye nentuthu encane kanye nokushisa. Ngenxa yokwehlukahlukana kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza nezinto zokwakha emabhizinisini anamuhla, kunzima ukwahlulela ngokunembile ukuthambekela kokuthuthukiswa komlilo kanye nentuthu, ukushisa, imisebe yelangabi, njll. ekamelweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kutholakale indawo evikelwe lapho umlilo ungase uvele khona kanye nezinto ezivuthayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto, kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokushiswa okulingisiwe, bese kukhethwa izinto zokuthola umlotha womlilo ezifanele ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa.
Ngokuvamile, izinto zokubona umlilo ezithinta izinga lokushisa azinawo uzwelo oluncane ekutholweni komlilo kunezinto zokubona umlilo ezithinta izinga lokushisa. Izinto zokubona umlilo ezithinta izinga lokushisa aziphenduli emlilweni ovuthayo futhi zingaphendula kuphela ngemva kokuba ilangabi lifinyelele ezingeni elithile. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokubona umlilo ezithinta izinga lokushisa, izinto zokubona umlilo azifanele ukuvikela izindawo lapho imililo emincane ingabangela ukulahlekelwa okungamukeleki, kodwa ukutholwa komlilo othinta izinga lokushisa kufaneleka kakhulu ekuxwayiseni kusenesikhathi kwezindawo lapho izinga lokushisa lento lishintsha khona ngqo. Izinto zokubona umlilo zizosabela uma nje kukhona imisebe evela elangabini. Ezindaweni lapho imililo ihambisana namalangabi avulekile, impendulo esheshayo yezinto zokubona umlilo ingcono kunezinto zokubona umlilo ezithinta izinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke ezindaweni lapho amalangabi avulekile evame ukusha, njengezizinto zokubona umlilo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswa khona amagesi avuthayo.
Amakamelo ahlanzekile okukhiqiza amaphaneli edivayisi ye-LCD kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-optoelectronic avame ukudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zemidiya yenqubo evuthayo, eqhumayo, kanye neyingozi. Ngakho-ke, ama-alamu omlilo kanye nezinye izikhungo zokuphepha komlilo zenze amalungiselelo engeziwe ku-"Design Code for Clean Workshops in Electronic Industry". Inani lamakamelo ahlanzekile embonini ye-elekthronikhi lingelezitshalo zokukhiqiza zeSigaba C futhi kufanele lihlukaniswe ngokuthi "izinga lokuvikela lesibili". Kodwa-ke, kumakamelo ahlanzekile embonini ye-elekthronikhi njengokukhiqiza ama-chip kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaphaneli edivayisi yokubonisa i-liquid crystal display, ngenxa yezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi zemikhiqizo enjalo ye-elekthronikhi, ezinye izinqubo zokukhiqiza zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezixazululo zamakhemikhali ezivuthayo, amagesi avuthayo, anobuthi, namagesi akhethekile. Uma kwenzeka isikhukhula, ukushisa akunandawo yokuvuza futhi umlilo usakazeka ngokushesha. Iziqhumane zizosakazeka ngokushesha emithonjeni yomoya, futhi imishini yokukhiqiza esakhiweni sefektri ibiza kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisa ukusetha kohlelo lwe-alamu yomlilo lwegumbi elihlanzekile. Ngakho-ke, kunqunywe ukuthi lapho indawo yokuvikela umlilo idlula imithetho, izinga lokuvikela kufanele lithuthukiswe liye ezingeni lokuqala.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-23-2023