UYAZI UKUTHI IGUMBI ELIHLANZEKILE LIHLUKANA KANJANI?

Liyini igumbi elihlanzekile?

Igumbi elihlanzekile lisho igumbi lapho ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe emoyeni kulawulwa khona. Ukwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele kunciphise izinhlayiya ezenziwe, ezikhiqizwe, futhi zigcinwe endlini. Eminye imingcele yasendlini efana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ingcindezi, njll. ilawulwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka nokuhambisana nemvelo.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene okuhlanzeka

I-ISO 4 ihambisana nekilasi le-10

I-ISO 5 ihambisana nekilasi le-100

I-ISO 6 ihambisana nekilasi 1000

I-ISO 7 ihambisana nekilasi 10000

I-ISO 8 ihambisana nekilasi 100000

Ikilasi A lihambisana ne-ISO 5 noma inhlanzeko ephakeme

Ikilasi B lihambisana ne-ISO 6 noma inhlanzeko ephakeme

Ikilasi C lihambisana ne-ISO 7 noma inhlanzeko ephakeme

Ikilasi D lihambisana ne-ISO 8 noma inhlanzeko ephakeme

Izidingo ezijwayelekile zezinga lokuhlanzeka komkhakha

Igumbi elihlanzekile le-Optoelectronic

Igumbi elihlanzekile nge-optoelectronic linezidingo eziqine ngokwedlulele zokuhlanzeka ngoba uthuli oluncane, izinhlayiya, noma ukungcola kwamakhemikhali kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo, ekukhiqizeni nasekuthembekeni. Ngokuvamile kudinga izinga lokuhlanzeka le-ISO 6 noma ngaphezulu.

Igumbi elihlanzekile le-Biopharmaceutical

I-Biopharmaceuticals: Igumbi elihlanzekile le-biopharmaceutical ngokuvamile lidinga izinga lokuhlanzeka le-ISO 5 noma ngaphezulu ukuze kuvinjelwe amagciwane kanye nokunye ukungcola ekungcoliseni izidakamizwa noma amasampula okuhlola.

Igumbi elihlanzekile le-semiconductor

Igumbi elihlanzekile le-semiconductor lingenye yezimboni ezinezidingo eziqinile zokuhlanzeka, futhi amagumbi ahlanzekile ayingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokukhiqiza, ethinta ngokuqondile isivuno somkhiqizo ngoba izinhlayiya zothuli ezincane zingalimaza ama-microcircuits. Ngokuvamile, idinga izinga lokuhlanzeka le-ISO 3 noma ngaphezulu.

Igumbi elisha elihlanzekile lamandla

Izidingo zokuhlanzeka embonini yamandla amasha (njengamabhethri e-lithium, amandla e-hydrogen, ama-photovoltaics, njll.) ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezinkambu ezithile kanye nezigaba zenqubo. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokuhlanzeka le-ISO 8 noma ngaphezulu liyadingeka.