Ukuzalwa kwegumbi lokuhlanza
Ukuvela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke ubuchwepheshe kungenxa yezidingo zokukhiqiza. Ubuchwepheshe beCleanroom abuhlukile. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, i-United States yaveza ama-gyroscopes antantayo afudumele wokuzulazula kwendiza. Ngenxa yekhwalithi engazinzile, wonke ama-gyroscopes ayi-10 kwadingeka abuyiselwe isilinganiso sezikhathi ezingama-120. Ngesikhathi sempi yaseKorea ekuqaleni kwawo-1950s, i-United States yangena esikhundleni sezingxenye ezingaphezu kwesigidi se-elektroniki emishini yokuxhumana nge-160,000. Ama-radars wehlulekile ama-84% wesikhathi kanye nama-sonars angaphansi komhlaba ahlulekile ama-48% wesikhathi. Isizathu ukuthi ukuthembeka kwamadivayisi we-elekthronikhi kanye nezingxenye kumpofu futhi ikhwalithi ayizinzile. Amasosha nabakhiqizi baphenya izizathu futhi ekugcineni banquma ezicini eziningi ezazihlobene nemvelo yokukhiqiza engcolile. Yize kwathathwa izindlela ezahlukahlukene eziqinile zokuvala umhlangano wokukhiqiza ngaleso sikhathi, umphumela wawumncane. Ngakho-ke lokhu ukuzalwa kwegumbi lokuhlanza!
Ukuthuthukiswa kwegumbi lokuhlanza
Isigaba sokuqala
Kwakungekho kuze kube ekuqaleni kwawo-1950 ukuthi i-hepa (i-air esebenza kahle yokubandakanya i-athomu yamandla e-US ngo-1951 ukuxazulula inkinga yokuthwebula umzimba womuntu wawusebenza ku-Filtration we- Umhlangano wokukhiqizwa, futhi igumbi lokuhlanza lanamuhla lazalwa ngempela.
Isigaba sesibili
Ngo-1961, uWillis KwaWilhitfield, umcwaningi omkhulu eSandia National Laboratories e-United States, wahlongoza uhlelo oluhlanzekile lwe-Flow Organ Inhlangano, eyayibizwa ngokuthi yi-LAMIRAR FLOVE, yabe isisebenzisa ngokusemthethweni ubunjiniyela be-UNIDIRE Kusukela lapho, amakamelo ahlanzekile afinyelele ezingeni lokuhlanzeka elingakaze libe khona.
Isigaba sesithathu
Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-US Air Force yakhiwa futhi yakhipha okujwayelekile kwegumbi elihlangenwe elihlanzekile emhlabeni kuya ku-00-25-20-203 amazinga ezimpawu zomoya we-Air Force Directive "BEnch ". Ngalesi sisekelo, i-US Federal Standard Fed-STD-209, ehlukanisa igumbi elihlanzekile libe ngamazinga amathathu, limenyezelwe ngoDisemba 1963.
Le nqubekela phambili kathathu ebalulekile ivame ukunconywa njengezingqophamlando ezintathu emlandweni wokuthuthuka kwanamuhla.
Maphakathi nawo-1960s, amagumbi okuhlanza avela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezimboni e-United States. Akusetshenziswa kuphela embonini yezempi, kepha futhi kugqugquzelwa ku-elekthronikhi, ama-Optics, amabhere amancane, amafilimu ahamba ngezinyawo, ama-realents we-UltraShial, adlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kanye nemboni ngaleso sikhathi. Ngalesi sizathu, okulandelayo ukwethulwa okuningiliziwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Ukuqhathanisa ukuthuthukiswa
Phesheya
Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1950s, i-US ATOMIc Energy Commission yethule i-High-Energy Oir Cleple (I-HEPA) ngo-1950 ukuxazulula inkinga yokuthumba uthuli oluyingozi emzimbeni womuntu, ekubeni yingqophamlando yokuqala emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile .
Maphakathi nawo-1960s, i-Cleanroom emafektri afana nemishini yokunemba ngogesi e-United States yaqala njengamakhowe ngemuva kwemvula, futhi ngasikhathi sinye yaqala inqubo yokufakelwa kwemvula ezindlini zokuhlanza izimboni. Ngo-1961, ukugeleza kwe-laminar (ukugeleza kwe-Unidirectional) kwazalwa. I-Cleanser Cleanserm yangempela yomhlaba wonke - imithetho yezobuchwepheshe yakwa-US 203 yasungulwa.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970, ukugxila kokwakhiwa kwendlu yokuhlanza kwaqala ukuguqukela emikhakheni yezokwelapha, yemithi, yokudla kanye nezimboni ze-biochemical. Ngaphezu kwe-United States, elinye amazwe athuthukile ezimboni, njengeJapan, Germany, eBrithani, eFrance, eSwitzerland, owake waba yiSoviet Union, kanye neNetherlands, baphinde banamathela kubaluleke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe be-Cleanroom ngobuhlakani.
Ngemuva kweminyaka yama-1980s, i-United States neJapan bathuthukise ngempumelelo izihlungi ezintsha ezisebenza kahle nge-Filtration Object of 0.1μm kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-99.99%. Ekugcineni, amakamelo okuhlanza amabanga aphezulu aphezulu angu-0.1μm aphezulu angu-10 no-0.1μm
-Silwane esifuyiweyo
Kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960 kuze kube ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, le minyaka eyishumi kwakuyisigaba sokuqala nesisekelo sobuchwepheshe beChina Cleanroom Cleanroom. Kwakuyishumi nambili eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva kunamazwe aphesheya. Kwakuyinkathi ekhetheke kakhulu futhi enzima, enomnotho obuthakathaka futhi akukho makhulumela amangalisa namazwe anamandla. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ezinzima, ezizungeze izidingo zemishini yokunemba, amathuluzi endiza kanye nezimboni ze-elekthronikhi, abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe beChina behlanza baqala uhambo lwabo lwebhizinisi.
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 kuya ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980s, phakathi nale minyaka eyishumi, ubuchwepheshe beChina beCleanroom bathola isigaba sokuthuthuka selanga. Ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe beChina Cleanroom Cleach Technology, uphawu oluningi kanye nezimpumelelo ezibalulekile zacishe zazalwa kulesi sigaba. Izinkomba zafika ezingeni lobuchwepheshe lamazwe aphesheya ngawo-1980.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, ezomnotho zaseChina zigcine ukukhula okuzinzile nokushesha, ngokutshala imali okuqhubekayo kwamazwe aqhubekayo, kanti amaqembu amaningi ahlukahlukene akhiwe ngempumelelo amafektri amancane ama-microelectonics eChina. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bekhaya kanye nabacwaningi banamathuba amaningi okuthintana ngqo nemiqondo yedizayini ephezulu yokuhlanza izinga lokuhlanza izinga langaphandle, baqonde imishini esezingeni eliphezulu namadivayisi, ukuphathwa kanye nokugcinwa, njll.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, amabhizinisi ahlanzekile eChina aqhamuke ngokushesha.
Njengoba izindinganiso zokuphila zabantu ziqhubeka zithuthuka, izidingo zazo zokuphila kanye nekhwalithi yempilo ziya ngokuya ziphakeme futhi ziphakeme, futhiUkuhlanzaUbuchwepheshe be-Engineering buye basebenza ekuhlanzeni komoya kwasekhaya. Okwamanje,Izitsha zokudlela zebumba uqobo's UkuhlanzaUbunjiniyela abusebenzi kuphela kuma-elekthronikhi, imishini kagesi, umuthi, ukudla, ukucwaninga kwesayensi kanye nezinye izimboni, izikhungo zemfundo, njll. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kukhuthaze kancane kancaneUkuhlanzaIzinkampani Zobunjiniyela ezinkulungwaneni zamakhaya, kanye nesilinganiso sasekhayaUkuhlanzaimboni ikhule futhi, futhi abantu sebeqalile ukujabulela imiphumela yeUkuhlanzaubunjiniyela.
Isikhathi Seposi: Jul-22-2024