Ukuqalisa
Igumbi elihlanzekile liyisisekelo sokulawulwa kokungcola. Ngaphandle kwegumbi elihlanzekile, izingxenye ezibucayi ukungcola azikwazi ukukhiqizwa isisindo. Ku-Fed-STD-2, igumbi elihlanzekile lichazwa njengegumbi elinokuhlunga komoya, ukusatshalaliswa, ukusebenza kahle, izinto zokwakha kanye nemishini yokusebenza, lapho kusetshenziswa izinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zokuthola izinhlayiyana.
Ukuze uzuze inhlanzeko enhle yokuhlanzeka egumbini elihlanzekile, kudingekile hhayi ukugxila ekuthatheni izinyathelo zokuhlanzwa komoya, kodwa futhi ukudinga inqubo, nokwakhiwa kwezindlela ezihambelana nazo kuphela, kodwa futhi kwakhiwa ngokucophelela Futhi ukufakwa ngokuya ngezincazelo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okulungile kwegumbi elihlanzekile nokugcinwa kwesayensi kanye nokuphathwa. Ukuze uzuze umphumela omuhle egumbini elihlanzekile, kuchazwe amarekhodi amaningi asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe avela emivelweni ehlukene. Eqinisweni, kunzima ukufeza ukuxhumana okuhle phakathi kwamakhono ahlukene, futhi kunzima kubaqambi ukuba baqonde ikhwalithi yokwakha nokufakwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kanye nokuphatha, ikakhulukazi okwedlule. Ngokuqondene nezindlela zokuhlanza amakamelo ezihlanzekile zithinteka, abaqambi abaningi, noma ngisho namaqembu okwakha, ngokuvamile abanaki kakhulu izimo zabo ezidingekayo, okuholela ekuhlanzeni inhlanzeko ngenhlawulo yokuhlanzeka. Lo mbhalo uxoxa kafushane izimo ezine ezidingekayo zokuthola izidingo zokuhlanzeka ezindleleni zokuhlanza amakamelo ahlanzekile.
1. Ukuhlanzeka komoya
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlanzeko yokuphakelwa komoya ihlangabezana nezidingo, ukhiye ukusebenza nokufakwa kwesihlungi sokugcina sohlelo lokuhlanzwa.
Ukukhetha Ukukhanga
Isihlungi sokugcina sohlelo lokuhlanza ngokuvamile samukela isihlungi se-hepa noma isihlungi esingezansi se-hepa. Ngokwezindinganiso zezwe lami, ukusebenza kahle kwezihlungi ze-HEPA kuhlukaniswe ngamabanga amane: I-Class A yi-≥99.9%, class C yi- ≥99.999%, i-Class D ingu- ≥99.999 % (eyaziwa nangokuthi izihlungi ze-Ultra-hepa); Izihlungi ze-Sub-Hepa zingokwakhe (zezinhlayiya ≥0.5μm) 95 ~ 99.9%. Ukuphakama okuphezulu, okubiza kakhulu isihlungi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isihlungi, akufanele sifinyelele kuphela izidingo zokuhlanzeka komoya, kodwa futhi sicabangele ukulingana kwezomnotho.
Ngokombono wezidingo zokuhlanzeka, umgomo ukusebenzisa izihlungi zokusebenza okuphansi kwamakamelo ahlanzekile aphansi kanye nokuhlunga okuphezulu kwamakamelo ahlanzekile aphezulu. Ngokuvamile ukukhuluma: izihlungi ezisebenza kahle neziphakathi nendawo zingasetjenziselwa ezingeni eliyisigidi esingu-1; I-Sub-Hapa noma i-Class izihlungi ze-hepa zingasetshenziselwa amazinga angezansi ekilasini 10,000; Izihlungi ze-Class B zingasetshenziselwa i-Class 10,000 kuya ku-100; Izihlungi ze-C CLAS CLASS C zingasetshenziselwa amazinga 100 kuye ku-1. Kubukeka sengathi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlunga okufanele zikhethe kusuka kuzinga ngalinye lokuhlanzeka. Ukuthi ukhetha ukuhlukunyezwa okuphezulu noma okuphansi kokusebenza kuncike esimweni esithile: Lapho ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kubucayi, noma isilinganiso sokuphekela ngaphakathi singabalulekile, noma igumbi elihlanzekile libaluleke kakhulu futhi lidinga isici esikhulu sokuphepha, kuleli noma Kula macala, kufanele kukhethwe isihlungi esisezingeni eliphakeme; Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungakhethwa isihlungi esiphansi sokusebenza okuphansi. Ngamakamelo ahlanzekile adinga ukulawulwa kwezinhlayiya eziyi-0.1μm, izihlungi ze-class D kufanele zikhethwe kungakhathalekile ukugxilwa kwezinhlayiya ezilawulwayo. Okungenhla kumane kuphela ngokombono wesihlungi. Eqinisweni, ukukhetha isihlungi esihle, kufanele futhi ucabangele ngokugcwele izici zegumbi elihlanzekile, isihlungi, nohlelo lokuhlanzwa.
Ukufakwa kokuhlunga
Ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kokuhlinzekwa komoya, akwanele ukuba nezihlungi ezifanele kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa: a. Isihlungi asonakalisiwe ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokufakwa; b. Ukufakwa kuqinile. Ukufeza iphuzu lokuqala, izisebenzi zokwakha nokufakwa kufanele ziqeqesheke kahle, ngazo zombili ulwazi lokufaka izinhlelo zokuhlanzwa namakhono wokufaka anamakhono. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzoba nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlungi asilimali. Kunezifundo ezijulile kulokhu. Okwesibili, inkinga yokuqina kokufaka ikakhulukazi kuncike kwikhwalithi yesakhiwo sokufaka. Ibhukwana Lokwakhiwa ngokuvamile lincoma: ngesihlungi esisodwa, kufakwa uhlobo oluvulekile, ukuze kuvulwe ukuvuza, ngeke kuvuleke egumbini; Kusetshenziswa indawo yokuphuma ye-hepa eqediwe, ukuqina futhi kulula ukuqinisekisa. Okomoya wokuhlunga okuningi, i-gel seal kanye nokubekwa uphawu okungemuhle kuvame ukusetshenziswa eminyakeni yamuva.
I-GEL seal kumele iqinisekise ukuthi i-liquid Tank Joint iqinile futhi uhlaka oluphelele lusendizeni efanayo evundlile. Ukufakwa kwesifutho okungalungile ukwenza ukugcwala kwangaphandle kokuhlangana phakathi kwesihlungi kanye nebhokisi lengcindezi eliqinile nohlaka olusesimweni esingesihle sokucindezela. Njengokufakwa kohlobo oluvulekile, noma ngabe kukhona ukuvuza, ngeke kuvuleke egumbini. Eqinisweni, inqobo nje uma uhlaka lokufaka luyisicaba futhi ubuso bokugcina bokuhlunga busekuxhumeke okufanayo ngohlaka, kufanele kube lula ukwenza isihlungi sihlangabezane nezidingo zokufaka kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokufaka.
2. Inhlangano Ye-Airflow
Inhlangano ye-Airflow yegumbi elihlanzekile ihlukile kuleli gumbi elinamoya elijwayelekile. Kudinga ukuthi umoya ohlanzekile ulethwe endaweni yokusebenza kuqala. Umsebenzi wayo ukunciphisa futhi unciphise ukungcoliswa kwezinto ezicutshunguliwe. Kuze kube manje, lezi zimiso ezilandelayo kufanele zibhekwe lapho kuklanywa inhlangano ye-Airflow: Nciphisa ama-Eddy currents ukugwema ukuletha ukungcoliswa kusuka ngaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza. zama ukuvikela uthuli lwesibili ukundiza ukunciphisa amathuba othuli angcolisa umsebenzi wokusebenza; I-airflow endaweni yomsebenzi kufanele ifane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi isivinini saso somoya kufanele sihlangabezane nenqubo kanye nezidingo zokuhlanzeka. Lapho i-airflow igeleza endaweni yokubuyisa umoya, uthuli emoyeni kufanele lususwe ngempumelelo. Khetha ukulethwa komoya okuhlukile kanye nezindlela zokubuyisa ngokuya ngezidingo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlanzeka.
Izinhlangano ezihlukile zomoya zinezimpawu zazo kanye nezimpawu:
(1). Ukugeleza okuqondile kwe-vertical unidirectional
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezijwayelekile zokuthola ukuvela komoya ofanayo, kusiza ukuhlelwa kwemishini yokusebenza, ikhono elinamandla lokuzihlamba, nokwenza lula izikhungo ezijwayelekile ezifana nezindawo zokuhlanzwa komoya nazo zinezinzuzo zazo nokubi- Izihlungi ze-hepa ezimbozwe zinezinzuzo zokumelana okuphansi kanye nomjikelezo wokubuyisela isihlungi eside, kepha isakhiwo sophahla siyinkimbinkimbi futhi izindleko ziphezulu; Izinzuzo kanye nokubi okulethwa okuphezulu kwe-hepa okuvela eceleni kanye nokulethwa okuphezulu kwepuleti okugcwele kuphambene nalokho okulethwa okuphezulu kwe-hepa okugcwele. Phakathi kwazo, ukulethwa okuphezulu kwepuleti okugcwele kulula ukuqongelela uthuli endaweni yangaphakathi yepuleti le-orifice lapho uhlelo lusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ukulungiswa okungekuhle kunomthelela othile ekuhlanzekeni; Ukulethwa okuphezulu okuningana kudinga ungqimba lokuxuba, ngakho-ke kufanelekile kuphela amakamelo amade ahlanzekile ngenhla kwe-4M, futhi izici zalo zifana nokulethwa okuphezulu kwepuleti yepuleti; Indlela yokubuyisa yomoya yepuleti ngama-grille ezinhlangothini zombili kanye nezitolo ezibuyayo zomoya ezihlelwe ngokulinganayo ezansi ezindongeni eziphambene zilungele kuphela amakamelo ahlanzekile angenazinhlangothi zombili; Izitolo ezibuyayo zomoya ezihlelwe ezansi kodonga olulodwa zilungele kuphela amakamelo ahlanzekile ngebanga elincane phakathi kwezindonga (njenge- ≤ <2 ~ 3m).
(2). Ukugeleza okuvundlile kwe-UnidiRectional Flow
Indawo yokuqala yokusebenza engafinyelela ezingeni lokuhlanzeka kwe-100. Lapho umoya ugeleza uye kolunye uhlangothi, ukugxila kothuli kancane kancane kuyanda. Ngakho-ke, ilungele kuphela amakamelo ahlanzekile anezidingo ezihlukile zokuhlanzeka zenqubo efanayo egumbini elilodwa. Ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kokuhlunga kwe-hepa odongeni lokuhlinzekelwa komoya kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi ze-hepa nokusindisa ukutshala imali kokuqala, kepha kukhona amaddies ezindaweni zasendaweni.
(3). Isiphithiphithi se-Airflow
Izici zokulethwa okuphezulu kwamapuleti e-orifice kanye nokulethwa okuphezulu kwe-diffusers eminyene kuyafana nalokho okushiwo ngenhla: . Okubi ukuthi isivinini somoya endaweni yokusebenza sikhulu, futhi ukugxila kothuli ohlangothini oluphansi kuphakeme kunalokho ohlangothini olukhuphukile; Ukulethwa okuphezulu kwezindawo zokuhlunga ze-hepa zinezinzuzo zohlelo olulula, azikho amapayipi ngemuva kwesihlungi se-hepa, futhi ukugcwala komoya okuhlanzekile okulethwe ngqo endaweni yokusebenza, kepha ukukhanya komoya okuhlanzekile kwenziwa kancane futhi i-airflow endaweni esebenza ngayo; Kodwa-ke, lapho izitolo zezindiza eziningi zihlelwe ngokulinganayo noma i-hepa yokuhlunga izihlungi ezinalezi zinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziswa, i-airflow endaweni yokusebenza nayo ingenziwa umfaniswano owengeziwe; Kepha lapho uhlelo lungagijimeli ngokuqhubekayo, i-diffuser ithambekele ekuqothulweni kothuli.
Le ngxoxo engenhla konke isesimweni esifanelekile futhi inconyelwa ukucaciswa kwezwe okufanele, amazinga noma amabhukwana okuklama. Kumaphrojekthi wangempela, inhlangano ye-Airflow ayikhelwanga kahle ngenxa yezimo zenhloso noma izizathu zokuqamba komklami. Okujwayelekile kufaka phakathi: vertical unidirectional flow return air kusuka engxenyeni engezansi yezindonga ezimbili eziseduze, ikilasi lendawo le-100 (okungukuthi, akukho khethini elilengayo elingezwa ngaphansi komoya wendawo), kanye namakamelo okugeza anesiyaluyalu awamukele I-Hepa Filter Air Overlet TOP ukulethwa kanye nokubuya okuphezulu noma ukubuya okuphansi okukodwa (ukuvezwa okuphezulu phakathi kwezindonga), njll. Lezi zindlela zenhlangano ye-AirFlow zilinganiswe futhi kuningi ukuhlanzeka kwazo ungahlangabezani nezidingo zokuklama. Ngenxa yokucaciswa kwamanje kokwamukelwa okungenalutho noma kwe-static, amanye ala makamelo ahlanzekile afinyelela kalula izinga lokuhlanzeka elenzelwe izimo ezingenalutho noma ezimboni, kepha amakhono okulwa nokungcola aphansi kakhulu, futhi lapho igumbi elihlanzekile lingena eMsebenzini, ayihlangabezani nezidingo.
Inhlangano ye-airflow efanele kufanele isethwe ngamakhethini alenga phansi endaweni ephakeme endaweni yokusebenza endaweni yendawo, futhi ikilasi 100 000 akufanele lithathe ukulethwa okuphezulu kanye nokubuya okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafektri amaningi njengamanje akhiqiza izitolo eziphakeme zomoya ezinamandla, futhi ama-diffuser awo angamapuleti e-orifice kuphela futhi awadlali indima ye-airflow. Abaqambi nabasebenzisi kufanele banake ngokukhethekile lokhu.
3
IVolumu yokungena komoya ezanele ukunciphisa nokususa umoya ongcolile wasendlini. Ngokusho kwezidingo ezihlukile zokuhlanzeka, lapho ukuphakama okuphelele kwegumbi elihlanzekile kuphezulu, imvamisa yokungena komoya kufanele kukhuphuke ngokufanele. Phakathi kwazo, ivolumu yokungena komoya omncane wegumbi elihlanzekile lezigidi eziyi-1 libhekwa ngokuya ngohlelo lokuhlanza oluphakeme, futhi konke kubhekwa njengohlelo lokuhlanza amandla aphezulu; Lapho izihlungi ze-hepa ze-Class 100,000 zihlanzeke egumbini lomshini noma izihlungi ze-hepa zisetshenziswa ekugcineni kohlelo, imvamisa yokupholisa umoya ekhuphuke ngokufanele ngo-10-20%.
Kulamavolumu wokuphefumula angenhla anconyelwe, umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi: Isivinini somoya esigabeni segumbi legumbi elihlanzekile lokugeleza liphansi, kanti igumbi elihlanzekile elinesiphithiphithi linenani elinconyiwe elinesiza sezokuphepha esanele. Vertical unidirectional flow ≥ 0.25m / s, avundlile unidirectional flow ≥ 0.35m / s. Yize izidingo zokuhlanzeka zingahlangatshezwa lapho zihlolwe ezimweni ezingenalutho noma ezingokomfanekiso, ikhono lokulwa nokungcoliswa limpofu. Lapho igumbi lingena esifundazweni esisebenzayo, ukuhlanzeka kungenzeka kungahlangabezani nezidingo. Lolu hlobo lwesibonelo alulona icala elakhiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, akukho abalandeli abazofanelekela amasistimu wokuhlanza ochungechungeni lwe-reantioter yezwe lami. Ngokuvamile, abaklami bavame ukwenza ukubalwa okunembile kokumelana komoya kohlelo, noma ungaboni ukuthi abalandeli abakhethiwe basendaweni ekhethiwe yokusebenza kwijika lesimo, umphumela wevolumu yomoya noma isivinini somoya sehluleka ukufinyelela inani lokuqamba maduze ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo lubekwe ekusebenzeni. I-US Federal Standard (FS209A ~ b) Ichazwe ukuthi i-airflow velocity yegumbi elihlanzekile le-UnidiRectional ngesigaba esihlanzekile segumbi elihlanzekile livame ukugcinwa ku-90ft / 0.45m / s), kanye ne-velocity engafaniyo ngaphansi kwesimo sokuphazanyiswa egumbini lonke. Noma yikuphi ukwehla okubonakalayo kwe-airflow velocity kuzokhulisa amathuba okuzihlanza isikhathi nokungcola phakathi kwezikhundla zokusebenza (ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kwe-FS209c ngo-Okthoba 1987, akukho zimiso zenzelwe zonke izinkomba zepharamitha ngaphandle kokuhlushwa kwamapharamitha ngaphandle kokuhlushwa kothuli).
Ngalesi sizathu, umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi kufanelekile ukwandisa kahle inani ledizayini yangemuva lasekhaya le-Unidirectional Flow velocity. Iyunithi yethu ukwenzile lokhu kumaphrojekthi wangempela, futhi umphumela muhle. Igumbi elihlanzekile elinesiphithiphithi linenani elinconyiwe elinesizako esanele sokuphepha, kepha abaklami abaningi abasaqinisekiswanga. Lapho wenza amacebo athile, akhulisa umthamo omncane wokungena komoya omncane wegumbi elihlanzekile le-100,000 / h, i-Class 10,000 igumbi elihlanzekile liye ezikhathini ezingama-30- 40 / h. Lokhu akugcini nje kunyuswe amandla emishini kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala, kepha futhi kwandisa izindleko zokugcina nezindleko zokuphatha. Eqinisweni, asikho isidingo sokwenza kanjalo. Lapho uhlanganisa umoya wezwe wokuhlanza izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe, ngaphezu kwekilasi le-100 e-China aphenywa futhi alinganiswe. Amakamelo amaningi ahlanzekile ahlolwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezinamandla. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi amavolumu wokufaka umoya omncane wamakamelo ahlanzekile angu-100,000 / h, isigaba 10,000 amakamelo ahlanzekile ahlanza ama-≥20 / h, kanye namakamelo okuhlanza amahlandla ayi-1000 / h angahlangabezana nezidingo. I-US Federal Standard (FS2O9A ~ b) Amakamelo ahlanzekile ahlanzekile (Class 100,000, Class 10,000), Igumbi eliphakeme 8 ~ 12ft (2.44 ~ 3.66m) (IE izikhathi ezingama-20 / h). Ngakho-ke, ukucaciswa kwe-Design kuthathwe njenge-coefflefrent enkulu etholakalayo, futhi umqambi angakhetha ngokuphepha ngokuya ngenani elinconyiwe levolumu yokuvutha umoya.
4. Umehluko wengcindezelo
Ukugcina ingcindezi ethile enhle egumbini elihlanzekile kungenye yezimo ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi igumbi elihlanzekile alikho noma lingcoliswe kancane ukuze lilondoloze izinga lokuhlanzeka elenzelwe ukuhlanzeka. Ngisho nasekucindezelweni okungalungile okuhlanzekile, kumele kube namakamelo asondelene noma ama-suites ngeveli yokuhlanzeka engenayo eliphansi kunezinga layo ukuze kugcinwe ingcindezi ethile enhle, ukuze inhlanzeko yengcindezi engemihle yegumbi elihlanzekile lingagcinwa.
Inani lengcindezi enhle yegumbi elihlanzekile libhekisa kunani lapho umfutho we-Static wangaphakathi ungaphezulu kwengcindezi ye-tuli yangaphandle lapho yonke iminyango namafasitela avaliwe. Itholakala ngendlela yokuthi umthamo wokuhlinzekwa komoya wohlelo lokuhlanzwa mkhulu kune-poluvoluy yomoya kanye nevolumu yomoya. Ukuze uqinisekise inani lengcindezi enhle yegumbi elihlanzekile, ukuhlinzekwa, ukubuya kanye nabalandeli bokuphelelwa amandla kungakancane. Lapho uhlelo luvuliwe, abalandeli bokuhlinzeka baqalwa kuqala, bese kuba abalandeli bokubuya kanye nokuphekela phansi; Lapho uhlelo lucishiwe, fan eqeda amandla icishiwe kuqala, bese kuba nabalandeli bokubuya futhi abalandelwayo bavaliwe ukuvimbela igumbi elihlanzekile ukuthi lingcoliswe lapho kuvulwa uhlelo lapho kuvulwa khona.
Ivolumu yomoya edingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ingcindezi emihle yegumbi elihlanzekile kunqunywa ikakhulu ekwakhekeni kwesakhiwo sokulungisa. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokwakhiwa kwamakamelo ahlanzekile ezweni lami, ngenxa yomoya ompofu wesakhiwo esibiyelwe, kwathatha izikhathi ezi-2 kuye kweziyisithupha / ezi-h zokuhlinzekwa komoya ukuze zilondoloze ingcindezi emihle ye-≥5pa; Njengamanje, ukwenziwa kwezindiza kwesakhiwo sesondlo senziwe ngcono kakhulu, futhi kudingeka izikhathi ezi-1 kuye kwayisi-2 kuya kwezi-2 kuphela ukuba zilondoloze ingcindezi enhle; Futhi izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwa-3 / h zokuhlinzekwa komoya kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ≥1pa.
Ukucaciswa Kwezwe Lasekuqaleni [6] Kusho ukuthi umehluko wengcindezi eqinile phakathi kwamakamelo ahlanzekile amamaki ahlukene futhi phakathi kwezindawo ezihlanzekile nezindawo ezingahlanzekile akufanele kube ngaphansi kwe-0.5mm H2O (~ 5pa umehluko phakathi kwendawo ehlanzekile futhi ingaphandle akufanele libe ngaphansi kwe-1.0mm H2O (~ 10pa). Umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi leli nani libonakala liphansi kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezintathu:
. Ubukhulu bengcindezi emihle bukhombisa amandla ekhono lokuvikelwa kokungcola. Vele, kukhudlwana ingcindezi emihle, okungcono (okuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi).
(2) Ivolumu yomoya edingekayo ukuze ingcindezi emihle ilinganiselwe. IVolumu Yomoya Iyadingeka ngengcindezi emihle engu-5PA kanye nengcindezi emihle ye-10PA ingesikhathi esingu-1 kuphela / h okuhlukile. Kungani ungakwenzi? Ngokusobala, kungcono ukuthatha umkhawulo ophansi wengcindezi enhle njenge-10pa.
. Leli nani lamukelwe amazwe amaningi. Kepha inani elihle lengcindezi yegumbi elihlanzekile akuyona eliphakeme kakhulu. Ngokusho kovivinyo lwangempela lobunjiniyela lweyunithi yethu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, lapho inani lengcindezi elihle lingu-30pa, kunzima ukuvula umnyango. Uma uvala umnyango ngokunganaki, kuzokwenza i-bang! Kuzokwethusa abantu. Lapho inani lengcindezi elihle lingu-≥ 50 ~ 70pa, izikhala phakathi kweminyango namafasitela kuzokwenza ikhwela, futhi ababuthakathaka noma labo abanezimpawu ezithile ezingafanele bazozizwa bengakhululekile. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane efanelekile noma amazinga amazwe amaningi asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe awacacisi umkhawulo ophezulu wokucindezela okuhle. Ngenxa yalokhu, amayunithi amaningi afuna kuphela ukufeza izidingo zomkhawulo ophansi, noma ngabe umkhawulo ophezulu ubani kangakanani. Ekamelweni langempela elihlanzekile elihlangane nomlobi, inani lengcindezi elihle liphakeme njenge-100pa noma ngaphezulu, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ukulungisa ingcindezi emihle akuyona into enzima. Kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuyilawula ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile. Kube nedokhumenti ethula ukuthi izwe elithile eMpumalanga Yurophu libeka inani lengcindezi elihle njengo-1-3mm H20 (cishe 10 ~ 30pa). Umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi leli banga lifaneleke kakhulu.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-13-2025