1. Isakhiwo segumbi elihlanzekile
Igumbi lokuhlanza ngokuvamile liqukethe izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko: indawo ehlanzekile, indawo ehlanzekile kancane, nendawo yokusiza. Izakhiwo zezindlu zokuhlanza zingahlelwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
(1). Umhubhe ozungezile: Iphaseji ingaba ngamafasitela noma ingabi namafasitela futhi isebenza njengendawo yokubuka kanye nendawo yokugcina izinto zokusebenza. Amanye amaphasishi angase abe nokufudumeza kwangaphakathi. Amawindi angaphandle kufanele acwebezeliswe kabili.
(2). Iphaseji yangaphakathi: I-Cleanroom itholakala ku-perimeter, kuyilapho umhubhe ungaphakathi. Lolu hlobo lwephaseji ngokuvamile lunezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanzeka, ngisho noma lilingana negumbi elihlanzekile.
(3). Umhubhe osuka ekupheleni ukuya ekupheleni: I-Cleanroom ibekwe ohlangothini olulodwa, inamagumbi ahlanzeke kancane nayisizayo ngakolunye.
(4). Iphaseji eliwumgogodla: Ukuze wonge isikhala futhi unciphise amapayipi, igumbi lokuhlanza lingaba umnyombo, lizungezwe amagumbi asizayo ahlukahlukene kanye namapayipi afihliwe. Le ndlela ivikela igumbi elihlanzekile emiphumeleni yesimo sezulu esingaphandle, inciphisa ukupholisa nokushisisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi inomthelela ekongiweni kwamandla.
2. Izindlela zokukhipha ukungcola komuntu siqu
Ukunciphisa ukungcola okuvela emisebenzini yabantu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, abasebenzi kufanele bashintshe bagqoke izingubo ezihlanzekile bese begeza, bageze, futhi babulale amagciwane ngaphambi kokungena egumbini elihlanzekile. Lezi zinyathelo zibizwa ngokuthi "ukukhipha ukungcola kwabasebenzi," noma "ukukhipha ukungcola komuntu siqu." Igumbi lokushintsha ngaphakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele lifake umoya futhi ligcine ukucindezela okuhle okuhlobene namanye amagumbi, njengendawo yokungena. Izindlu zangasese kanye namashawa kufanele kugcine ukucindezela okuncane okuhle, kuyilapho izindlu zangasese namashawa kufanele kugcine umfutho ongemuhle.
3. Izindlela zokuqeda ukungcola
Zonke izinto kufanele zisuswe ukungcola ngaphambi kokungena egumbini elihlanzekile, noma "ukukhipha ukungcola." Umzila wokuqeda ukungcola kufanele uhlukane nomzila wegumbi elihlanzekile. Uma izinto zokwakha kanye nabasebenzi bengakwazi ukungena kuphela endaweni ehlanzekile besuka endaweni efanayo, kufanele bangene ngeminyango ehlukene, futhi izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zisuswe ukungcola kokuqala. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinemigqa yokukhiqiza engahlelwanga kangako, indawo yokugcina emaphakathi ingafakwa ngaphakathi komzila wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuze uthole imigqa yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe, umzila wezinto ezibonakalayo oqondile kufanele usetshenziswe, ngezinye izikhathi odinga ukususwa kokungcola okuningi kanye nezindawo zokudlulisa ngaphakathi komzila. Ngokuphathelene nomklamo wesistimu, izigaba zokuhlanza ezimaholoholo nezicolekileyo zegumbi lokuhlanza zizophephula izinhlayiya eziningi, ngakho indawo ehlanzekile kufanele igcinwe ingaphansi kwengcindezi engemihle noma i-zero. Uma ingozi yokungcola iphezulu, indlela yokungena kufanele futhi igcinwe ekucindezelweni okungekuhle.
4. Inhlangano yamapayipi
Amapayipi egumbini lokuhlanza elingenalo izintuli ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho lawa mapayipi ahlelwe ngendlela ecashile. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zenhlangano ezifihliwe.
(1). I-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe
①. I-mezzanine ephezulu yobuchwepheshe. Kule mezzanine, ingxenye ephambanweni yemigudu yokunikezela nokubuyisela umoya ngokuvamile inkulu, ngakho-ke yinto yokuqala okufanele icatshangelwe ku-mezzanine. Ngokuvamile ihlelwa phezulu kwe-mezzanine, futhi amapayipi kagesi ahlelwe ngaphansi kwayo. Lapho ipuleti eliphansi lale mezzanine lingakwazi ukuthwala isisindo esithile, izihlungi kanye nemishini yokukhipha ingafakwa kuyo.
②. Igumbi le-mezzanine lobuchwepheshe. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-mezzanine ephezulu kuphela, le ndlela inganciphisa izintambo nokuphakama kwe-mezzanine futhi ilondoloze indlela yobuchwepheshe edingekayo ukuze umzila womoya obuyayo ubuyele ku-mezzanine ephezulu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwemishini yefenisha yomoya yokubuya nakho kungasethwa ephasejini elingezansi. Iphaseji eliphezulu legumbi lokuhlanza elingenalo izintuli esitezi esithile lingasebenza futhi njengephaseji elingezansi lesitezi esingaphezulu.
(2). Amapayipi avundlile ngaphakathi kwama-mezzanine aphezulu naphansi we-aisles (izindonga) ngokuvamile aguqulelwa kumapayipi aqondile. Indawo efihliwe lapho kuhlala khona la mapayipi aqondile ibizwa ngokuthi i-technical aisle. Amaphasishi obuchwepheshe angaphinda afake izinto ezisizayo ezingafanelekile indawo ehlanzekile, futhi angasebenza njengamapayipi omoya abuyayo ajwayelekile noma amabhokisi okucindezela amile. Amanye angakwazi ngisho nokufaka ama-radiators e-light-tube. Njengoba lezi zinhlobo zamaphasishi obuchwepheshe (izindonga) zivame ukusebenzisa ama-partitions angasindi, zingalungiswa kalula lapho izinqubo zilungiswa.
(3). Imishini yobuchwepheshe: Nakuba amaphasishi obuchwepheshe (izindonga) ngokuvamile awaweli phansi, uma ewela, asetshenziswa njenge-shaft yobuchwepheshe. Zivame ukuba yingxenye ehlala njalo yesakhiwo sokwakha. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-shafts obuchwepheshe axhuma phansi okuhlukahlukene, ukuze kuvikelwe umlilo, ngemva kokufakwa kwamapayipi angaphakathi, indawo ehlanganisiwe ye-inter-floor kufanele ivalwe ngezinto ezinezinga lokumelana nomlilo elingekho ngaphansi kwe-floor slab. Umsebenzi wokulungisa kufanele wenziwe ngezingqimba, futhi iminyango yokuhlola kufanele ifakwe iminyango engashi. Ukuthi i-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe, i-technical aisle, noma i-technical shaft isebenza ngokuqondile njengepayipi lomoya, ingaphakathi layo elingaphakathi kufanele liphathwe ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko zezindawo zangaphakathi zegumbi elihlanzekile.
(5). Indawo yegumbi lomshini. Kungcono kakhulu ukubeka igumbi lomshini wokupholisa umoya eduze nendawo yokuhlanza engenalo izintuli edinga umthamo omkhulu wokuhambisa umoya, futhi ulwele ukugcina ulayini wepayipi lomoya umfushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Nokho, ukuze kuvinjwe umsindo nokudlidliza, indawo yokuhlanza engenalo uthuli negumbi lomshini kufanele kuhlukaniswe. Zombili izici kufanele zicatshangelwe. Izindlela zokuhlukanisa zihlanganisa:
1. Indlela yokuhlukaniswa kwesakhiwo: (1) Indlela yokuhlukanisa ngokuhlanganyela kokuhlala. Indawo yokuhlala idlula phakathi kwendawo yokusebenzela engenalo uthuli kanye negumbi lomshini ukuze lisebenze njengesahlukaniso. (2) Indlela yokuhlukanisa udonga lokuhlukanisa. Uma igumbi lomshini liseduze nendawo yokusebenzela engenalo uthuli, esikhundleni sokwabelana ngodonga, ngalinye linodonga lwalo lokuhlukanisa, futhi ububanzi obuthile begebe bushiywe phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili zokuhlukanisa. (3) Indlela yokuhlukanisa ikamelo elisizayo. Igumbi elisizayo lisethiwe phakathi kwendawo yokusebenzela engenalo uthuli kanye negumbi lomshini ukuze lisebenze njengebhafa.
2. Indlela yokusabalalisa: (1) Indlela yokuhlakazeka ophahleni noma ophahleni: Igumbi lomshini livame ukubekwa ophahleni olungaphezulu ukuze lingabi kude nendawo yokusebenzela engenazo izintuli ngezansi, kodwa indawo ephansi yophahla ibekwe ngokukhethekile njengesitezi esisizayo noma segumbi lokuphatha, noma njenge-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe. (2) Uhlobo olusabalalisiwe olungaphansi komhlaba: Igumbi lomshini lisendaweni engaphansi. (3). Indlela yokwakha ezimele: Igumbi lomshini elihlukile lakhiwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo segumbi elihlanzekile, kodwa kungcono kakhulu ukuba seduze kakhulu negumbi elihlanzekile. Igumbi lomshini kufanele linake ukuhlukaniswa kokudlidliza kanye nokufakwa komsindo. Iphansi kufanele lingangenwa amanzi futhi libe nezinyathelo zokudonsa amanzi. Ukuhlukaniswa kokudlidliza: Abakaki nezisekelo zamafeni womthombo wokudlidliza, izinjini, amaphampu amanzi, njll. kufanele ziphathwe ngokwelashwa kokuvinjelwa. Uma kunesidingo, imishini kufanele ifakwe ku-slab yekhonkrithi, bese i-slab kufanele isekelwe ngezinto zokulwa nokudlidliza. Isisindo se-slab kufanele sibe izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 kunesisindo esiphelele semishini. Ukufakwa komsindo: Ngaphezu kokufaka isithulisi ohlelweni, amakamelo omshini amakhulu angacabangela ukunamathisela izinto ezinezici ezithile zokumunca umsindo ezindongeni. Kufanele kufakwe iminyango engenamsindo. Ungavuli iminyango odongeni lokuhlukanisa nendawo ehlanzekile.
5. Ukuphuma okuphephile
Njengoba igumbi elihlanzekile liyisakhiwo esivaliwe kakhulu, ukuphuma kwayo okuphephile kuba yinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu futhi evelele, ebuye ihlobene eduze nokufakwa kwesistimu yokuhlanza umoya wokuhlanza. Ngokuvamile, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe:
(1). Indawo ngayinye engashi noma yegumbi elihlanzekile esitezi sokukhiqiza kufanele okungenani ibe nezindawo zokuphuma eziphuthumayo ezimbili. Kuvunyelwe ukuphuma okukodwa kuphela okuphuthumayo uma indawo ingaphansi kwama-square metres angu-50 futhi isibalo sabasebenzi singaphansi kwesihlanu.
(2). Iminyango yegumbi lokuhlanza akufanele isetshenziswe njengezindlela zokuphuma. Ngenxa yokuthi imizila yegumbi elihlanzekile ivamise ukujikeleza, kungaba nzima ukuthi abasebenzi bafinyelele ngokushesha ngaphandle uma intuthu noma umlilo ushisa indawo.
(3). Amakamelo okugeza emoyeni akufanele asetshenziswe njengemizila yokufinyelela evamile. Lezi zicabha zivame ukuba nezicabha ezimbili ezixhumene noma ezizenzakalelayo, futhi ukungasebenzi kahle kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuphumeni. Ngakho-ke, iminyango ye-bypass ivamise ukufakwa emagumbini okugeza, futhi ibalulekile uma kukhona abasebenzi abangaphezu kwesihlanu. Ngokuvamile, abasebenzi kufanele baphume endaweni ehlanzekile ngomnyango odlulayo, hhayi igumbi leshawa yomoya.
(4). Ukugcina ingcindezi yasendlini, iminyango yegumbi ngalinye elihlanzekile ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuhlanza kufanele ibhekane negumbi ngengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuncike ekucindezelweni ukubamba umnyango uvaliwe, okuphikisana ngokusobala nezidingo zokuphuma okuphephile. Ukuze kucatshangelwe izidingo zakho kokubili ukuhlanzeka okujwayelekile kanye nokuphuma esimweni esiphuthumayo, kubekwe ukuthi iminyango phakathi kwezindawo ezihlanzekile nezindawo ezingahlanzekile, neminyango phakathi kwezindawo ezihlanzekile nangaphandle kufanele zithathwe njengeminyango yokuphepha, futhi indlela yokuvula yayo yonke izobe ibheke lapho kuphuma khona. Yiqiniso, okufanayo kusebenza eminyango yokuphepha eyodwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-09-2025