1. Ukuhlelwa kwegumbi lokuhlanza
Igumbi lokuhlanza ngokuvamile liqukethe izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko: indawo ehlanzekile, indawo ehlanzekile kancane, kanye nendawo esekelayo. Ukuhlelwa kwegumbi lokuhlanza kungahlelwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
(1). Iphaseji elizungezile: Iphaseji lingafakwa amafasitela noma lingabi namafasitela futhi lisebenza njengendawo yokubuka nendawo yokugcina imishini. Amanye amaphaseji angase abe nokushisa kwangaphakathi. Amafasitela angaphandle kumele afakwe amaglasi amabili.
(2). Iphaseji elingaphakathi: Igumbi lokuhlanza litholakala emngceleni, kanti iphaseji litholakala ngaphakathi. Lolu hlobo lwephaseji ngokuvamile lunezinga lokuhlanzeka eliphakeme, ngisho noma lilingana negumbi lokuhlanza.
(3). Umzila osuka ekugcineni uye ekugcineni: Igumbi lokuhlanza litholakala kolunye uhlangothi, linamakamelo ahlanzekile kancane kanye namakamelo asekelayo kolunye.
(4). Umzila oyinhloko: Ukuze wonge isikhala futhi unciphise amapayipi, igumbi lokuhlanza lingaba yisizinda, lizungezwe amakamelo ahlukahlukene asizayo kanye namapayipi afihliwe. Le ndlela ivikela igumbi lokuhlanza emiphumeleni yesimo sezulu sangaphandle, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okupholisa nokushisa, futhi inegalelo ekongiweni kwamandla.
2. Izindlela zokuhlanza ukungcola komuntu siqu
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola okuvela emisebenzini yabantu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, abasebenzi kumele bagqoke izingubo zasekamelweni elihlanzekile bese begeza, bahlambe, futhi babulale amagciwane ngaphambi kokungena ekamelweni elihlanzekile. Lezi zinyathelo zibizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlanza abasebenzi," noma "ukuhlanza umuntu ngamunye." Igumbi lokushintshela ngaphakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele libe nomoya futhi ligcine ingcindezi enhle uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amakamelo, njengomnyango. Izindlu zangasese namashawa kufanele agcine ingcindezi enhle kancane, kuyilapho izindlu zangasese namashawa kufanele agcine ingcindezi embi.
3. Izindlela zokuhlanza izinto
Zonke izinto kumele zisuswe ngaphambi kokungena egumbini lokuhlanza, noma "ukususwa kwezinto." Indlela yokususa izinto kufanele ihluke endleleni yegumbi lokuhlanza. Uma izinto kanye nabasebenzi bengangena kuphela egumbini lokuhlanza besendaweni efanayo, kumele bangene ngeminyango ehlukene, futhi izinto kumele zisuswe ngaphambi kokususwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo. Ngezicelo ezinemigqa yokukhiqiza engalingani kakhulu, indawo yokugcina ephakathi ingafakwa ngaphakathi kwendlela yezinto ezingcolisayo. Ngemigqa yokukhiqiza elinganisiwe kakhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe indlela yezinto eziqondile, ngezinye izikhathi kudingeke izindawo eziningi zokususa izinto ezingcolisayo kanye nokudlulisa ngaphakathi kwendlela. Ngokuphathelene nomklamo wesistimu, izigaba zokuhlanza eziqinile nezincane zegumbi lokuhlanza zizokhipha izinhlayiya eziningi, ngakho indawo ehlanzekile kufanele igcinwe ingaphansi kwengcindezi engemihle noma ingaphansi kwengcindezi engemihle. Uma ingozi yokungcola iphezulu, indlela yokungena kufanele futhi igcinwe ingaphansi kwengcindezi engemihle.
4. Ukuhleleka kwepayipi
Amapayipi asendlini yokuhlanza engenalo uthuli ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke lawa mapayipi ahlelwe ngendlela efihliwe. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlela ezifihliwe.
(1). I-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe
①. I-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe ephezulu. Kule mezzanine, ingxenye enqamulayo yemigudu yomoya yokuphakelwa nokubuyisa ngokuvamile iyona enkulu kunazo zonke, ngakho-ke yinto yokuqala okufanele icatshangelwe ku-mezzanine. Ngokuvamile ihlelwe phezulu kwe-mezzanine, futhi amapayipi kagesi ahlelwe ngaphansi kwayo. Lapho ipuleti elingezansi lale mezzanine lingathwala isisindo esithile, izihlungi nemishini yokukhipha umoya kungafakwa kuyo.
②. I-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe begumbi. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-mezzanine ephezulu kuphela, le ndlela inganciphisa izintambo nokuphakama kwe-mezzanine futhi ilondoloze indlela yobuchwepheshe edingekayo ukuze ipayipi lomoya elibuyayo libuyele ku-mezzanine ephezulu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwemishini yamandla e-air fan ebuyayo nakho kungabekwa endleleni engezansi. Indlela engenhla yegumbi lokuhlanza elingenalo uthuli esitezi esithile ingasebenza njengendlela engezansi yesitezi esiphezulu.
(2). Amapayipi avundlile ngaphakathi kwezindawo eziphezulu nezingezansi zezindawo zobuchwepheshe (izindonga) ngokuvamile aguqulwa abe amapayipi avundlile. Indawo efihliwe lapho kuhlala khona la mapayipi avundlile ibizwa ngokuthi indawo yobuchwepheshe. Izindawo zobuchwepheshe zingagcina nemishini yokusiza engafaneleki ekamelweni lokuhlanza, futhi ingasebenza njengemibhobho yomoya evamile yokubuyisela noma amabhokisi okucindezela angaguquki. Amanye angagcina ngisho nama-radiator e-light-tube. Njengoba lezi zinhlobo zezindawo zobuchwepheshe (izindonga) zivame ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezilula, zingalungiswa kalula lapho izinqubo zilungiswa.
(3). Ama-shaft obuchwepheshe: Nakuba ama-aisles obuchwepheshe (izindonga) ngokuvamile engaweli phansi, uma ewela, asetshenziswa njengomgodi wobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile ayingxenye ehlala njalo yesakhiwo sesakhiwo. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-shaft obuchwepheshe axhumanisa ama-floor ahlukahlukene, ukuze kuvikelwe umlilo, ngemva kokufakwa kwamapayipi angaphakathi, indawo ebiyelwe phakathi kwe-floor kumele ivalwe ngezinto ezinezinga lokumelana nomlilo elingaphansi kwele-floor slab. Umsebenzi wokulungisa kufanele wenziwe ngezendlalelo, futhi iminyango yokuhlola kumele ifakwe iminyango engamelani nomlilo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe, i-aisle yobuchwepheshe, noma i-shaft yobuchwepheshe isebenza ngqo njengombhobho womoya, ubuso bayo bangaphakathi kumele buphathwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo zezindawo zangaphakathi zegumbi lokuhlanza.
(5). Indawo yegumbi lomshini. Kungcono ukubeka igumbi lomshini wokupholisa umoya eduze kwegumbi lokuhlanza elingenalo uthuli elidinga umthamo omkhulu womoya, futhi uzame ukugcina umugqa wombhobho womoya umfushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuvinjelwe umsindo nokudlidliza, igumbi lokuhlanza elingenalo uthuli kanye negumbi lomshini kumele kuhlukaniswe. Zombili izici kufanele zicatshangelwe. Izindlela zokuhlukanisa zifaka:
1. Indlela yokuhlukanisa isakhiwo: (1) Indlela yokuhlukanisa ijoyinti lokuhlukanisa. Ijoyinti lokuhlukanisa lidlula phakathi kwe-workshop engenalo uthuli kanye negumbi lomshini ukuze lisebenze njengendawo yokuhlukanisa. (2) Indlela yokuhlukanisa udonga. Uma igumbi lomshini liseduze ne-workshop engenalo uthuli, esikhundleni sokwabelana ngodonga, ngalinye linodonga lwalo lokuhlukanisa, futhi kushiywa ububanzi obuthile besikhala phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili zokuhlukanisa. (3) Indlela yokuhlukanisa igumbi elisizayo. Igumbi elisizayo liyamiswa phakathi kwe-workshop engenalo uthuli kanye negumbi lomshini ukuze lisebenze njenge-buffer.
2. Indlela yokuhlakaza: (1) Indlela yokuhlakaza ophahleni noma ophahleni: Igumbi lomshini livame ukubekwa ophahleni oluphezulu ukuze ligcine kude nendawo yokusebenzela engenathuli engezansi, kodwa phansi ophansi lophahla kungcono libekwe njengephansi legumbi elisizayo noma lezokuphatha, noma njenge-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe. (2) Uhlobo olusakazwa ngaphansi komhlaba: Igumbi lomshini litholakala ephansi. (3). Indlela yokwakha ezimele: Igumbi lomshini elihlukile lakhiwa ngaphandle kwesakhiwo segumbi elihlanzekile, kodwa kungcono ukuba seduze kakhulu negumbi elihlanzekile. Igumbi lomshini kufanele linake ukuhlukaniswa kokudlidliza kanye nokufakwa komsindo. Phansi kufanele kuvikelwe amanzi futhi kube nezilinganiso zokukhipha amanzi. Ukuhlukaniswa kokudlidliza: Amabhuleki kanye nezisekelo zabalandeli bomthombo wokudlidliza, ama-motor, amaphampu amanzi, njll. kufanele aphathwe ngokwelashwa kokudlidliza. Uma kudingeka, imishini kufanele ifakwe ku-slab yekhonkrithi, bese i-slab kufanele isekelwe ngezinto zokulwa nokudlidliza. Isisindo se-slab kufanele sibe izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kuya kwezi-3 kunesisindo sonke semishini. Ukuvimbela umsindo: Ngaphezu kokufaka i-silencer ohlelweni, amakamelo amakhulu omshini angacabangela ukunamathisela izinto ezinezakhiwo ezithile zokumunca umsindo ezindongeni. Iminyango engangeni msindo kufanele ifakwe. Ungavuli iminyango odongeni oluhlukanisayo olunendawo ehlanzekile.
5. Ukususwa okuphephile
Njengoba igumbi elihlanzekile liyisakhiwo esivalekile kakhulu, ukuphuma kwalo ngokuphephile kuba yinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu nevelele, okuhlobene kakhulu nokufakwa kohlelo lokuhlanza umoya. Ngokuvamile, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe:
(1). Indawo ngayinye engashi noma ehlanzekile phansi komkhiqizo kumele okungenani ibe nezindawo ezimbili zokuphuma eziphuthumayo. Kuvunyelwe indawo eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma eziphuthumayo uma indawo ingaphansi kwamamitha-skwele angu-50 futhi inani labasebenzi lingaphansi kwabahlanu.
(2). Iminyango yokungena egumbini lokuhlanza akufanele isetshenziswe njengezindlela zokuphuma. Ngenxa yokuthi imizila yegumbi lokuhlanza ivame ukuba neziyingi, kungaba nzima ngabasebenzi ukufinyelela ngokushesha ngaphandle uma intuthu noma umlilo ushisa indawo.
(3). Amakamelo okugeza umoya akufanele asetshenziswe njengezindlela zokungena ezivamile. Le minyango ivame ukuba neminyango emibili evulekayo noma ezenzakalelayo, futhi ukungasebenzi kahle kungathinta kakhulu ukuphuma kwabantu. Ngakho-ke, iminyango ye-bypass ivame ukufakwa emakamelweni okugeza, futhi ibalulekile uma kunabasebenzi abangaphezu kwabahlanu. Ngokuvamile, abasebenzi kufanele baphume egumbini lokuhlanza ngomnyango we-bypass, hhayi igumbi le-air shower.
(4). Ukuze kugcinwe ingcindezi yangaphakathi, iminyango yegumbi ngalinye lokuhlanza ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuhlanza kufanele ibheke ekamelweni ngokucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuncike ekucindezelweni ukuze kubanjwe umnyango uvaliwe, okuphikisana ngokusobala nezidingo zokuphuma ngokuphephile. Ukuze kucatshangelwe izidingo zombili zokuhlanzeka okuvamile kanye nokuphuma ngokuphuthumayo, kunqunywe ukuthi iminyango ephakathi kwezindawo ezihlanzekile nezindawo ezingahlanzekile, kanye neminyango ephakathi kwezindawo ezihlanzekile kanye nengaphandle kufanele iphathwe njengeminyango yokuphuma ngokuphepha, futhi indlela yokuvula yayo yonke kufanele ibe sendleleni yokuphuma. Yiqiniso, okufanayo kusebenza naseminyango yokuphepha eyodwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-09-2025