Inhloso yokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igumbi lokuhlanza lihlangabezana nezinga lokuhlanzeka kwamagciwane elidingekayo ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esifanele. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane ekamelweni lokuhlanza kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokulawula ukungcola. Okulandelayo yizinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili ezibalulekile ezihilelekile ekuhlanzeni nasekubulaleni amagciwane ukuqinisekisa "ukuhlanzeka" kwegumbi lokuhlanza.
1. Ukuqonda okufanele ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane
Ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane kuyimiqondo emibili ehlukene, ngezinye izikhathi edidayo. Ukuhlanza, ngokuyinhloko, kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezinsipho futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokubulala amagciwane. Izinsipho zihlanza izindawo, zisuse "uwoyela" womphezulu (njengothuli namafutha). Ukususa amafutha kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ngaphambi kokubulala amagciwane, njengoba uwoyela womphezulu uhlala uningi, kulapho ukubulala amagciwane kuzosebenza khona kancane.
Ama-detergent ngokuvamile angena ku-oyela, anciphise amandla obuso bawo (uwoyela unamathela ebusweni) ukuze asuswe (ngokusho ukuthi, ama-detergent andisa amandla okuhlanza amanzi).
Ukubulala amagciwane kuhilela ukubulala amagciwane ngamakhemikhali, okungabulala inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zamagciwane ezimilayo (ezinye izibulali-magciwane nazo ziyizibulala-magciwane).
2. Ukukhetha izihlanzi kanye nezibulala-magciwane ezifanele kakhulu
Ukukhetha abahlanzi kanye nezibulala-magciwane ezifanele kakhulu kubalulekile. Abaphathi bezindawo zokuhlanza kumele baqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwezinto zokuhlanza kanye nezibulala-magciwane futhi bakhethe izinto zokuhlanza ezifanele kanye nezibulala-magciwane zohlobo ngalunye lwegumbi lokuhlanza. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinye izinto zokuhlanza kanye nezibulala-magciwane azikwazi ukuhlanganiswa.
Uma ukhetha i-ejenti yokuhlanza, amaphuzu alandelayo abalulekile:
a) I-ejenti yokuhlanza kufanele ingathathi hlangothi futhi ingabi yi-ionic.
b) Isihlanzi kufanele singabi namagwebu.
c) I-ejenti yokuhlanza kufanele ihambisane ne-disinfectant (okungukuthi, i-residual cleaner agent akufanele iphazamise ukusebenza kahle kwe-disinfectant).
Uma ukhetha umuthi wokubulala amagciwane, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele acatshangelwe:
a) Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemithethonqubo ye-GMP, izibulali-magciwane ezimbili kufanele zijikeleziswe. Nakuba iziphathimandla ezilawulayo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezibulali-magciwane ezimbili ezahlukene, ngokwesayensi, lokhu akudingekile. Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, kufanele kukhethwe izibulali-magciwane ezimbili ezisebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Kunconywa ukukhetha isibulali-magciwane esisodwa esibulala ama-spores amagciwane.
b) Isibulali-magciwane kufanele sibe nomsebenzi obanzi, okusho ukuthi sibulala ngempumelelo izinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane akhula ngokushesha, okuhlanganisa kokubili amagciwane angenayo i-gram kanye namagciwane angenayo i-gram.
c) Okungcono kakhulu, isibulali-magciwane kufanele sisebenze ngokushesha. Ijubane lokubulala amagciwane lincike esikhathini sokuxhumana esidingekayo ukuze isibulali-magciwane sibulale inani lamagciwane. Lesi sikhathi sokuxhumana ubude besikhathi lapho indawo esetshenziswa khona isibulali-magciwane kumele ihlale imanzi.
d) Izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinsalela zensipho akumele zithinte ukusebenza kahle kwesibulali-magciwane.
e) Kumagumbi okuhlanza asezingeni eliphezulu (isb., ISO 14644 Class 5 and 7), izibulali-magciwane kumele zingabi namagciwane noma zibulawe amagciwane ngabasebenzi begumbi lokuhlanza.
f) Isibulali-magciwane kumele silungele ukusetshenziswa ekushiseni kokusebenza kwegumbi lokuhlanza. Uma igumbi lokuhlanza liyigumbi eliqandisiwe, isibulali-magciwane kumele siqinisekiswe ukuthi siyasebenza yini kulelo zinga lokushisa.
g) Isibulali-magciwane akumelwe silimaze izinto ezihlanzwa ngamagciwane. Uma kungenzeka umonakalo, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela lokho. Izibulali-magciwane eziningi ezibulala ama-spores ebhaktheriya ziqukethe i-chlorine, engalimaza izinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali uma izinsalela zingasuswa ngokushesha ngemva kokusetshenziswa.
h) Isibulali-magciwane kumele singabi yingozi kubasebenzi futhi sihambisane nemithethonqubo yezempilo nokuphepha yendawo.
i) Isibulali-magciwane kufanele singabizi, kube lula ukusihlanza, futhi sitholakale ezitsheni ezifanele, njengamabhodlela okufutha aphathwa ngesandla. 3. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezibulali-magciwane
Izibulali-magciwane ziza ngezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, ezifanele izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubulala amagciwane futhi zibonisa amazinga ahlukene okusebenza ngokumelene nama-microorganism. Izibulali-magciwane zingasebenza kumaseli amagciwane ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa nokuqondisa udonga lweseli, ulwelwesi lwe-cytoplasmic (lapho ama-phospholipid nama-enzyme enikeza khona izinhloso ezahlukene zokugaya ukudla), noma i-cytoplasm. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zezibulali-magciwane kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha phakathi kwezibulali-magciwane ezibulala ama-spore kanye nezibulala ama-spore (ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakhemikhali angafaki i-oxidizing kanye nakhipha i-oxidizing).
Izibulali-magciwane ezingafaki i-oxidizing zifaka phakathi ama-alcohols, ama-aldehydes, ama-surfactants e-amphoteric, ama-biguanides, ama-phenols, kanye nama-compounds e-ammonium e-quaternary. Izibulali-magciwane ezifaka i-oxidizing zifaka phakathi ama-halogens kanye nama-oxidizing agents afana ne-peracetic acid kanye ne-chlorine dioxide.
4. Ukuqinisekisa izibulali-magciwane
Ukuqinisekiswa kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kusetshenziswa amazinga e-AOAC (aseMelika) noma aseYurophu. Okunye ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngumkhiqizi wamagciwane, kanti okunye kumele kwenziwe ngaphakathi. Ukuqinisekiswa kwamagciwane kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwenselele, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola izixazululo zamagciwane ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene (njengokumiswa), ukuhlola izindawo ezahlukene, kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwamagciwane kwamagciwane ahlukene, kufaka phakathi amagciwane ahlukaniswe ngaphakathi kwesikhungo.
5. Izici ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kokubulala amagciwane
Empeleni, izici eziningi zingathinta ukusebenza kahle kwezibulali-magciwane. Ukuqonda lezi zici kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo yemisebenzi yokubulala amagciwane. Izici ezithonya ukusebenza kahle kwezibulali-magciwane zifaka:
a) Ukuhlushwa: Ukukhetha ukuhlushwa okuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokubulawa kwamagciwane. Umbono wokuthi ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwamagciwane kubulala amagciwane amaningi kuyinganekwane, njengoba izibulali-magciwane zisebenza kuphela ekuhlushweni okulungile.
b) Ubude: Ubude bokusetshenziswa kwesibulali-magciwane bubalulekile. Kudingeka isikhathi esanele ukuze isibulali-magciwane sibopheke kuma-microorganisms, singene ezindongeni zamaseli, futhi sifinyelele endaweni ethile eqondiwe.
c) Inani kanye nohlobo lwezinambuzane ezincane. Izibulala-magciwane azisebenzi kahle ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezitshalo zamagciwane. Isibonelo, uma iqembu elikhulu lezinhlamvu ezincane ezizimele lihlangana, izibulala-magciwane ezingenalo ikhono lokubulala izinhlamvu zamagciwane ngeke zisebenze. d) Izinga lokushisa kanye ne-pH: Isibulala-magciwane ngasinye sine-pH efanele kanye nobubanzi bokushisa ukuze sisebenze kahle kakhulu. Uma izinga lokushisa kanye ne-pH kungaphandle kwalezi zigaba, ukusebenza kahle kwesibulala-magciwane kuzophazamiseka.
6. Izinto zokuhlanza
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane nokuhlanza kumele zifaneleke futhi zikwazi ukusebenzisa ungqimba oluncane lwensipho ngayinye kanye nesibulali-magciwane ngokulinganayo. Izihlanzi kanye nezibulali-magciwane ezisetshenziswa phansi, ezindaweni zemishini, kanye nasezindongeni ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile kumele ziqinisekiswe ukuthi zihlanzekile futhi azinazo izinhlayiya (isb., izindwangu ezingalukiwe, uboya obungenazo izinhlayiya).
7. Amasu okuhlanza
Izindlela zokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane zibalulekile. Uma izihlanzi kanye nezibulala-magciwane zingasetshenziswa kahle, ngeke zihlanze kahle izindawo. Izibulala-magciwane azikwazi ukungena ongqimbeni olungaphezulu olunamafutha, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu okungcoliswa kwamagciwane ngaphakathi kwesikhungo. Izinqubo zokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane ezicacisiwe kumele zibe khona, njenge:
Sula uthuli kanye nemfucumfucu (uma kusebenza); Sula ngesisombululo sensipho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi insipho yomile; Sula ngesisombululo sensipho ukuze ugcine izindawo zokuthinta zimanzi futhi zigcine isikhathi sokuxhumana; Sula ngamanzi okujova noma i-70% IPA (isopropyl alcohol) ukuze ususe noma yiziphi izinsalela zensipho.
8. Ukuqapha ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane
Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane kuhlolwa ngokuyinhloko ngemiphumela yokuqapha imvelo yegumbi lokuhlanza. Lokhu kuhlola kwenziwa ngokuthatha amasampula ezindaweni ezincane ezisebenzisa amapuleti okuthinta kanye nama-swabs. Uma imiphumela ingekho ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesenzo ecacisiwe noma amazinga okulawula angaphakathi enkampani, kungase kube nezinkinga ngezinto zokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane, ukuvama kokuhlanza, noma indlela yokuhlanza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma imiphumela ihlangabezana nezindinganiso, abaphathi begumbi lokuhlanza bangasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi igumbi lokuhlanza "lihlanzekile" ngempela.
Isifinyezo
Lokhu okungenhla kuveza izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili zokugcina ukuhlanzeka kwegumbi lokuhlanzeka kusetshenziswa izinto zokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane. Kunconywa ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zihlanganiswe nezinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile (ama-SOP) nokuthi kuqeqeshwe abaqhubi kanye nabasebenzi bokuphatha. Uma indawo isiqinisekisiwe futhi isilawulwa, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izindlela noma amasu afanele, izinto zokuhlanza ezifanele kanye nezibulala-magciwane, kanye nokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane indawo njalo ngezikhathi ezibekiwe. Ngale ndlela, indlu yokuhlanzeka ingahlala ihlanzekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-13-2025