I-IS0 14644-5 idinga ukuthi ukufakwa kwemishini engaguquki emakamelweni ahlanzekile kufanele kusekelwe ekwakhiweni nasemsebenzini wegumbi elihlanzekile. Imininingwane elandelayo izokwethulwa ngezansi.
1. Indlela yokufaka imishini: Indlela efanelekile ukuvala igumbi elihlanzekile ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwemishini, futhi ube nomnyango ongahlangabezana ne-engeli yokubuka yemishini noma ubeke isiteshi ebhodini ukuvumela imishini emisha ukuthi idlule futhi ingene egumbini elihlanzekile ukuze kuvinjelwe igumbi elihlanzekile eduze nesikhathi sokufakwa ukuthi lingangcoliswa, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igumbi elihlanzekile lisahlangabezana nezidingo zalo zokuhlanzeka kanye nomsebenzi olandelayo odingekayo.
2. Uma umsebenzi ekamelweni elihlanzekile ungeke uyekwe ngesikhathi ngasinye sokufakwa, noma uma kunezakhiwo ezidinga ukudilizwa, igumbi elihlanzekile elisebenzayo kumele lihlukaniswe ngempumelelo nendawo yokusebenza: izindonga noma izingxenye zokuhlukanisa zesikhashana zingasetshenziswa. Ukuze kungavimbeli umsebenzi wokufaka, kufanele kube nesikhala esanele nxazonke zemishini. Uma izimo zivuma, ukufinyelela endaweni yokuhlukanisa kungaba ngeziteshi zesevisi noma ezinye izindawo ezingezona ezibalulekile: uma lokhu kungenzeki, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokunciphisa umthelela wokungcola okubangelwa umsebenzi wokufaka. Indawo yokuhlukanisa kufanele igcine ingcindezi efanayo noma ingcindezi engemihle. Ukunikezwa komoya ohlanzekile kufanele kunqanyulwe endaweni ephakeme ukuze kugwenywe ingcindezi enhle emakamelweni ahlanzekile azungezile. Uma ukufinyelela endaweni yokuhlukanisa kungokungena ekamelweni elihlanzekile eliseduze kuphela, amaphedi anamathelayo kufanele asetshenziswe ukususa ukungcola ezicathulweni.
3. Ngemva kokungena endaweni ephakeme, amabhuzu noma izicathulo ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezingubo zomsebenzi ezinengxenye eyodwa zingasetshenziswa ukugwema ukungcolisa izingubo ezihlanzekile. Lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zisuswe ngaphambi kokuphuma endaweni yokuvalelwa. Izindlela zokuqapha indawo ezungeze indawo yokuvalelwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka imishini kufanele zakhiwe futhi kunqunywe imvamisa yokuqapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukungcola okungase kuvuze egumbini elihlanzekile eliseduze kuyatholakala. Ngemva kokusetha izinyathelo zokuvalelwa, izindawo ezahlukene zesevisi yomphakathi ezidingekayo, njengogesi, amanzi, igesi, i-vacuum, umoya ocindezelwe kanye namapayipi amanzi angcolile, zingasethwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukulawula nokuhlukanisa intuthu kanye nemfucumfucu ekhiqizwa yilo msebenzi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kugwenywe ukusabalala ngengozi egumbini elihlanzekile elizungezile. Kufanele futhi kube lula ukuhlanza ngempumelelo ngaphambi kokususa isithiyo sokuvalelwa. Ngemva kokuba izindawo zesevisi yomphakathi zihlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa, yonke indawo yokuvalelwa kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ihlanzwe ngokwezinqubo zokuhlanza ezibekiwe. Zonke izindawo, okuhlanganisa zonke izindonga, imishini (elungisiwe nehambayo) kanye naphansi, kufanele kuhlanzwe nge-vacuum, kusulwe futhi kuhlanzwe, kugxilwe kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlanza ngemuva kwemishini yonogada kanye nangaphansi kwemishini.
4. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokusebenza kwemishini kungenziwa ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela zegumbi elihlanzekile kanye nemishini efakiwe, kodwa ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kokwamukelwa kufanele kwenziwe lapho izimo zemvelo ezihlanzekile sezihlangatshezwane ngokugcwele. Kuye ngezimo endaweni yokufaka, ungaqala ukudiliza ngokucophelela udonga lokuzihlukanisa; uma umoya ohlanzekile uvaliwe, uqalise kabusha; isikhathi salesi sigaba somsebenzi kufanele sikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini ojwayelekile wegumbi elihlanzekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungadingeka ukukala ukuthi ukugcwala kwezinhlayiya emoyeni kuyahlangabezana yini nezidingo ezibekiwe.
5. Ukuhlanza nokulungisa ingaphakathi lemishini kanye namakamelo okusebenza abalulekile kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zegumbi elihlanzekile. Wonke amakamelo angaphakathi kanye nazo zonke izindawo ezithinta umkhiqizo noma ezihilelekile ekuthuthweni komkhiqizo kumele zisulwe kuze kube sezingeni elidingekayo lokuhlanzeka. Uchungechunge lokuhlanza lwemishini kufanele lube kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Uma izinhlayiya zisakazekile, izinhlayiya ezinkulu zizowela phansi kwemishini noma phansi ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi. Hlanza ubuso bangaphandle bemishini kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Uma kudingeka, ukutholwa kwezinhlayiya ezingaphezulu kufanele kwenziwe ezindaweni lapho izidingo zomkhiqizo noma zenqubo yokukhiqiza zibalulekile khona.
6. Ngenxa yezici zamakamelo ahlanzekile, ikakhulukazi indawo enkulu, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu, umkhiqizo ophezulu kanye nezidingo eziqinile zokuhlanzeka kwamakamelo ahlanzekile obuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ukufakwa kwemishini yokukhiqiza kulolu hlobo lwefektri ehlanzekile kufana kakhulu nokwamakamelo ahlanzekile ajwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, indinganiso kazwelonke ethi "Ikhodi Yokwakhiwa Kwefektri Ehlanzekile Nokwamukelwa Kwekhwalithi" eyakhishwa ngo-2015 yenza amalungiselelo athile okufakwa kwemishini yokukhiqiza ezimbonini ezihlanzekile, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa okulandelayo.
1. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcola noma ngisho nomonakalo ekamelweni elihlanzekile elamukelwe "elingenalutho" ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka imishini yenqubo yokukhiqiza, inqubo yokufaka imishini akumele ibe nokudlidliza noma ukuthambekela ngokweqile, futhi akumele ihlukaniswe futhi ingcolise izindawo zemishini.
②. Ukuze ukufakwa kwemishini yenqubo yokukhiqiza ekamelweni elihlanzekile kube ngokuhlelekile futhi ngaphandle kokuhlala noma ukuhlala okuncane, futhi kulandelwe uhlelo lokuphatha ukukhiqiza oluhlanzekile endaweni yokusebenzela ehlanzekile, qiniseka ukuthi inqubo yokufaka imishini yokukhiqiza ivikelwe ngokwe "imikhiqizo eqediwe" eyamukelekile "esimweni esingenalutho", izinto, imishini, njll. okumele zisetshenziswe enkambisweni yokufaka akumele zikhiphe noma zingase zikhiqize (kufaka phakathi ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwegumbi elihlanzekile isikhathi eside) ukungcola okuyingozi emikhiqizweni ekhiqizwayo. Izinto ezihlanzekile ezingenalo uthuli, ezingenawo umhlwa, ezingenawo amafutha futhi ezingakhiqizi uthuli ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kufanele zisetshenziswe.
1. Ubuso bokuhlobisa isakhiwo segumbi elihlanzekile kufanele buvikelwe ngamapuleti ahlanzekile, angenalo uthuli, amafilimu nezinye izinto; ipuleti lokusekela imishini kufanele lenziwe ngokwedizayini noma izidingo zedokhumenti yobuchwepheshe yemishini. Uma kungekho zidingo, amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali noma amapuleti epulasitiki kufanele asetshenziswe. Amaphrofayili ensimbi yekhabhoni asetshenziselwa izisekelo ezizimele kanye nokuqinisa phansi kufanele aphathwe nge-anti-grosion, futhi ubuso kufanele bube bushelelezi futhi bube bushelelezi; izinto zokuvala ezinwebekayo ezisetshenziselwa ukuvala i-caulking.
④. Izinto kufanele ziphawulwe ngezithako, izinhlobo, usuku lokwenziwa, isikhathi sokugcina, imiyalelo yendlela yokwakha kanye nezitifiketi zokufaneleka komkhiqizo. Imishini namathuluzi asetshenziswa emakamelweni ahlanzekile akumelwe athuthelwe emakamelweni angahlanzekile ukuze asetshenziswe. Imishini namathuluzi akumelwe athuthelwe egumbini elihlanzekile ukuze asetshenziswe. Imishini namathuluzi asetshenziswa endaweni ehlanzekile kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi izingxenye zomshini eziveziwe azikhiqizi uthuli noma athathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela uthuli ekungcoliseni imvelo. Imishini namathuluzi asetshenziswa njalo kufanele ahlanzwe endaweni yomoya ngaphambi kokuba athuthelwe endaweni ehlanzekile. , kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zokuba angabi namafutha, angabi nothuli, angabi nothuli, futhi angabi nogqwala, futhi kufanele athuthelwe ngemva kokudlula ekuhlolweni nasekunamathiseleni uphawu oluthi "Hlanzeka" noma "Indawo Ehlanzekile Kuphela".
⑤. Imishini yenqubo yokukhiqiza egumbini elihlanzekile idinga ukufakwa "ezitezi ezithile" njengezitezi eziphakeme. Isisekelo semishini ngokuvamile kufanele sibekwe phansi kwe-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe engezansi noma epuletini elinezimbobo zesamente; imisebenzi edinga ukudilizwa ukuze kufakwe isisekelo. Isakhiwo sephansi ngemva kokusikwa ngesaha kagesi esiphathwa ngesandla kufanele siqiniswe, futhi umthamo waso wokuthwala umthwalo akufanele ube ngaphansi komthamo wokuqala wokuthwala umthwalo. Uma kusetshenziswa isisekelo esizimele sesakhiwo sohlaka lwensimbi, kufanele senziwe ngezinto ezihlanganisiwe noma insimbi engagqwali, futhi indawo eveziwe kufanele ibe yisicaba futhi ibushelelezi.
⑥. Uma inqubo yokufaka imishini yenqubo yokukhiqiza ekamelweni elihlanzekile idinga imigodi evulekile kumaphaneli odonga, ophahleni olulengisiwe kanye naphansi aphakanyisiwe, imisebenzi yokubhoboza akumele ihlukanise noma ingcolise ubuso bamaphaneli odonga kanye namaphaneli ophahleni alengisiwe okudingeka agcinwe. Ngemva kokuvulwa kwephansi eliphakanyisiwe lapho isisekelo singenakukwazi ukufakwa ngesikhathi, kufanele kufakwe izinsimbi zokuphepha kanye nezimpawu zengozi; ngemva kokufakwa kwemishini yokukhiqiza, igebe elizungeze imbobo kufanele livalwe, futhi imishini kanye nezingxenye zokuvala kufanele kube nokuxhumana okuguquguqukayo, futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kwengxenye yokuvala kanye nepuleti lodonga kufanele kube qinile futhi kuqine; indawo yokuvala ohlangothini olulodwa lwegumbi lokusebenzela kufanele ibe yisicaba futhi ibushelelezi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-06-2023