1. Izinqubomgomo neziqondiso ezifanele zokuklama igumbi elihlanzekile
Ukwakhiwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile kumele kusebenzise izinqubomgomo neziqondiso zikazwelonke ezifanele, futhi kumele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezifana nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuqonda kwezomnotho, ukuphepha nokusetshenziswa, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, ukulondolozwa kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ukwakhiwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele kudale izimo ezidingekayo zokwakha, ukufaka, ukuhlola, ukuphathwa kokugcinwa kanye nokusebenza okuphephile, futhi kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo ezifanele zezindinganiso zamanje nezincazelo zikazwelonke.
2. Umklamo wegumbi elihlanzekile ngokuphelele
(1). Indawo yegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele inqunywe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni, ezomnotho, njll. Kufanele libe sendaweni enothuli oluphansi emoyeni kanye nendawo yemvelo engcono; kufanele libe kude nezitimela, amachweba, izikhumulo zezindiza, imithambo yethrafikhi, kanye nezindawo ezinokungcola komoya okukhulu, ukudlidliza noma ukuphazamiseka komsindo, njengezimboni nezindawo zokugcina impahla ezikhipha uthuli oluningi namagesi ayingozi, kufanele libe sendaweni yefektri lapho indawo ihlanzekile khona futhi lapho ukugeleza kwabantu nezimpahla kungadluli khona noma kungadluli kakhulu (inkomba ethile: uhlelo lokuklama igumbi elihlanzekile)
(2). Uma kukhona itshimini ohlangothini oluya emoyeni lwegumbi elihlanzekile olunomoya ovame kakhulu, ibanga eliqondile phakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile netshimini akufanele libe ngaphansi kokuphakama kwetshimini okuphindwe kayi-12, futhi ibanga phakathi kwegumbi elihlanzekile nomgwaqo omkhulu wethrafikhi akufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-50.
(3). Uhlaza kufanele lwenziwe eduze kwesakhiwo segumbi elihlanzekile. Utshani lungatshalwa, imithi engeke ibe nomthelela omubi ekugcwaleni kothuli lomoya ingatshalwa, futhi kungakhiwa indawo eluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi yokulwa nomlilo akumelwe ivinjelwe.
3. Izinga lomsindo ekamelweni elihlanzekile kufanele lihlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
(1). Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okunamandla, izinga lomsindo endaweni yokusebenzela ehlanzekile akufanele lidlule ku-65 dB(A).
(2). Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesimo somoya, izinga lomsindo legumbi lokuhlanza ukugeleza okuguquguqukayo akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-58 dB(A), futhi izinga lomsindo legumbi lokuhlanza ukugeleza okunamandla akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-60 dB(A).
(3.) Ukuhlelwa okuvundlile kanye nokwesigaba segumbi elihlanzekile kufanele kucabangele izidingo zokulawula umsindo. Isakhiwo esivalekile kufanele sibe nokusebenza okuhle kokuvikela umsindo, kanye nenani lokuvikela umsindo lengxenye ngayinye kufanele lifane. Imikhiqizo enomsindo ophansi kufanele isetshenziselwe imishini ehlukahlukene egumbini elihlanzekile. Emishinini enomsindo ophumayo odlula inani elivumelekile legumbi elihlanzekile, kufanele kufakwe izinsiza ezikhethekile zokuvikela umsindo (njengegumbi lokuvikela umsindo, izembozo zokuvikela umsindo, njll.).
(4). Uma umsindo wesistimu yokupholisa umoya ehlanziwe udlula inani elivunyelwe, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokulawula ezifana nokuvala umsindo, ukususa umsindo, kanye nokuhlukanisa umsindo ngokudlidliza. Ngaphezu kokukhipha umoya ngengozi, uhlelo lokukhipha umoya endaweni yokusebenzela ehlanzekile kufanele lwakhiwe ukunciphisa umsindo. Umklamo wokulawula umsindo wegumbi elihlanzekile kumele ucabangele izidingo zokuhlanzeka komoya endaweni yokukhiqiza, futhi izimo zokuhlanza igumbi elihlanzekile akufanele zithinteke ukulawula umsindo.
4. Ukulawula ukudlidliza egumbini elihlanzekile
(1). Kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa ukudlidliza okusebenzayo kwemishini (kufaka phakathi amaphampu amanzi, njll.) ngokudlidliza okunamandla ekamelweni elihlanzekile neziteshi ezizungezile ezisizayo kanye namapayipi aholela ekamelweni elihlanzekile.
(2). Imithombo ehlukahlukene yokudlidliza ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele ilinganiswe ngomthelela wayo ophelele wokudlidliza ekamelweni elihlanzekile. Uma kunqunyelwe yizimo, umthelela wokudlidliza ophelele ungahlolwa futhi ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho. Kufanele kuqhathaniswe namanani okudlidliza kwemvelo avumelekile emishini yokunemba kanye namathuluzi okunemba ukuze kunqunywe izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa ukudlidliza ezidingekayo. Izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa ukudlidliza zemishini yokunemba kanye namathuluzi okunemba kufanele zicabangele izidingo ezifana nokunciphisa inani lokudlidliza kanye nokugcina ukuhlelwa komoya okufanelekile ekamelweni elihlanzekile. Uma usebenzisa isisekelo sokuhlukanisa ukudlidliza kwentwasahlobo yomoya, umthombo womoya kufanele ucutshungulwe ukuze ufinyelele ezingeni lokuhlanzeka komoya legumbi elihlanzekile.
5. Izidingo zokwakhiwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile
(1). Uhlelo lwesakhiwo kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo yegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele kube nokuguquguquka okufanele. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko segumbi elihlanzekile akufanele sisebenzise umthwalo wangaphakathi odongeni. Ukuphakama kwegumbi elihlanzekile kulawulwa ukuphakama okunetha, okufanele kusekelwe kumodulus eyisisekelo engamamilimitha ayi-100. Ukuqina kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko segumbi elihlanzekile kuhambisana nezinga lemishini yangaphakathi kanye nokuhlobisa, futhi kufanele kube nokuvikelwa komlilo, ukulawulwa kokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa kanye nezakhiwo zokuncipha okungalingani (izindawo zokuzamazama komhlaba kufanele zihambisane nemithethonqubo yokuklama kokuzamazama komhlaba).
(2). Amajoyinti okuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sefektri kufanele agweme ukudlula egumbini elihlanzekile. Lapho ipayipi lomoya elibuyayo kanye namanye amapayipi kudingeka afihlwe, kufanele kubekwe ama-mezzanine obuchwepheshe, imigudu yobuchwepheshe noma imisele; lapho amapayipi aqondile adlula ezingqimbeni ezidlulele kudingeka afihlwe, kufanele kubekwe imigoqo yobuchwepheshe. Emafektri aphelele anokukhiqiza okuvamile kanye nokukhiqiza okuhlanzekile, ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo sesakhiwo kufanele kugweme imiphumela emibi ekukhiqizeni okuhlanzekile maqondana nokugeleza kwabantu, ukuthuthwa kwezinto, kanye nokuvimbela umlilo.
6. Izindawo zokuhlanza abasebenzi kanye nokuhlanza izinto zokwakha
(1). Amakamelo nezindawo zokuhlanza abasebenzi kanye nokuhlanza izinto kufanele zibekwe egumbini elihlanzekile, kanti amakamelo okuhlala kanye namanye amakamelo kufanele abekwe njengoba kudingeka. Amakamelo okuhlanza abasebenzi kufanele afake amakamelo okugcina izinto zemvula, amakamelo okuphatha, amakamelo okushintsha izicathulo, amakamelo okugcina izinto zejazi, amagumbi okugeza, amakamelo okuhlanza izingubo zomsebenzi ahlanzekile, kanye namakamelo okugeza aphefumulayo. Amakamelo okuhlala njengezindlu zangasese, amakamelo okugeza, kanye nezindawo zokuphumula, kanye namanye amakamelo afana namakamelo okugeza nezingubo zomsebenzi, angabekwa njengoba kudingeka.
(2). Imishini kanye nezindawo zokungena kanye nezindawo zokuphuma zegumbi elihlanzekile kufanele zifakwe amakamelo okuhlanza izinto kanye nezindawo zokuhlanza izinto ngokwesimo kanye nesimo semishini nezinto. Ukuhlelwa kwegumbi lokuhlanza izinto kufanele kuvimbele izinto ezihlanziwe ukuthi zingangcoliswa ngesikhathi senqubo yokudlulisa.
7. Ukuvimbela umlilo kanye nokukhipha abantu endlini ehlanzekile
(1). Izinga lokumelana nomlilo legumbi elihlanzekile akufanele libe ngaphansi kwezinga lesi-2. Izinto ezifakwe ophahleni akufanele zishiswe futhi umkhawulo walo wokumelana nomlilo akufanele ube ngaphansi kwamahora angu-0.25. Izingozi zomlilo zezindawo zokusebenzela ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza ekamelweni elihlanzekile zingahlukaniswa.
(2). Igumbi elihlanzekile kufanele lisebenzise amafektri anesitezi esisodwa. Indawo ephezulu evumelekile yegumbi lomlilo ingamamitha-skwele angu-3000 esakhiweni sefektri esinesitezi esisodwa kanye namamitha-skwele angu-2000 esakhiweni sefektri esinezitezi eziningi. Uphahla namaphaneli odonga (kufaka phakathi izigcwalisi zangaphakathi) akufanele kushiswe.
(3). Esakhiweni esibanzi sefektri endaweni yokuvimbela umlilo, kufanele kubekwe udonga lokuhlukanisa olungashi ukuze kuvikelwe indawo ephakathi kwendawo yokukhiqiza ehlanzekile nendawo yokukhiqiza evamile. Umkhawulo wokumelana nomlilo wezindonga zokuhlukanisa kanye nophahla lwazo oluhambisanayo akufanele ube ngaphansi kwehora eli-1, kanti umkhawulo wokumelana nomlilo weminyango namafasitela ezindongeni zokuhlukanisa akufanele ube ngaphansi kwamahora angu-0.6. Izikhala ezizungeze amapayipi adlula ezindongeni zokuhlukanisa noma ophahleni kufanele zipakishwe ngokuqinile ngezinto ezingashi.
(4). Udonga lomgodi wobuchwepheshe kufanele lungashi, futhi umkhawulo walo wokumelana nomlilo akufanele ube ngaphansi kwehora eli-1. Umkhawulo wokumelana nomlilo womnyango wokuhlola odongeni lomgodi akufanele ube ngaphansi kwamahora angu-0.6; emgodleni, esitezi ngasinye noma esitezi esisodwa, imizimba engashi elingana nomkhawulo wokumelana nomlilo wephansi kufanele isetshenziswe njengokuhlukanisa umlilo okuvundlile; nxazonke kwamapayipi adlula esihlukanisweni somlilo esivundlile Izikhala kufanele zigcwaliswe ngokuqinile ngezinto ezingashi.
(5). Inani lezindawo zokuphuma zokuphepha zephansi ngalinye lokukhiqiza, indawo ngayinye yokuvikela umlilo noma indawo ngayinye ehlanzekile ekamelweni elihlanzekile akufanele libe ngaphansi kwemibili. Imibala ekamelweni elihlanzekile kufanele ibe lula futhi ithambile. Isilinganiso sokukhanya kwezinto zangaphakathi kufanele sibe ngu-0.6-0.8 ophahleni nasezindongeni; 0.15-0.35 phansi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-06-2024