Isingeniso
Njengokusekelwa okubalulekile kokukhiqiza okuthuthukile, amagumbi okuhlanza abone ukukhula okuphawulekayo ngokubaluleka eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo esikhulayo semakethe, ukwakhiwa kobunjiniyela bamagumbi okuhlanza kanye nezinsizakalo ezisekelayo kufinyelele igxathu elifanele kokubili ngobukhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe.
Njengegatsha lokwakha ubunjiniyela eliya ngokuya libaluleka, ubunjiniyela begumbi lokuhlanza akuthinti nje kuphela izici eziyinhloko njengokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe, kodwa futhi kuthinta ngqo ukuncintisana kwezinkampani kanye nentuthuko enempilo nezinzile yochungechunge lonke lwemboni. Ngenxa yalokho, abenzi bezinqubomgomo emazingeni kazwelonke nawasekhaya, kanye nezikhungo ezahlukene zokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nabahlanganyeli embonini, bonke babonise ukunaka okukhulu kanye nokusekela lesi sigaba semakethe.
Lesi sihloko sihlose ukwethula ngokuphelele isimo samanje kanye nemikhuba yentuthuko yezinkampani zokwakha ubunjiniyela bezindlu zasekhaya ngokuhlaziywa kwezibalo zezinkampani ulwazi lwazo lokubhalisa kwezimboni nezentengiselwano oluhlanganisa amagama athi "ubunjiniyela bezindlu zangasese" noma "ubunjiniyela bokuhlanza" (okubizwa ngokuthi "ubunjiniyela bokuhlanza"), okunikeza umbono ophelele.
Ekupheleni kukaNovemba 2024, izinkampani ezinjalo ezingu-9,220 zazifakiwe ezweni lonke, ezingu-7,016 zazo zazisebenza ngokujwayelekile kanti ezingu-2,417 zazisuliwe. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi, kusukela ngo-2010, inani lezinkampani zobunjiniyela bezindlu zokuhlanza ezisanda kusungulwa libonise ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo okuqhubekayo: ekuqaleni, kwanezelwa izinkampani ezintsha ezingaba ngu-200 minyaka yonke, zakhuphuka zaya cishe ku-800-900 eminyakeni yamuva, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esingaphezu kuka-10%.
Ngo-2024, izinga lokukhula kwemakethe embonini yobunjiniyela bezindlu zokuhlanza lehla kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, inani lezinkampani ezisanda kusungulwa kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba lalingu-612, ukwehla okungu-37% kusuka ku-973 esikhathini esifanayo sika-2023. Lokhu kwehla kumelela okunye kokwehla okuphawulekayo okungavamile eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule. Kodwa-ke, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi naphezu kwezinselele, inani lezinkampani ezisanda kusungulwa ngonyaka lihlale lingaphezu kuka-9%, lidlula izinga lokukhula elimaphakathi lemboni yokukhiqiza iyonke.
Ngokombono wendawo, ukuqoqwa kwezifunda kwezinkampani zobunjiniyela bezindlu zokuhlanza kuphezulu kakhulu, ngokungalingani okukhulu phakathi kwezifunda ezihamba phambili. Izifundazwe ezinhlanu ezihlangene zaseJiangsu, eShandong, eHenan, e-Anhui, naseZhejiang zakha izikhungo eziyinhloko zamandla embonini, zilandelwa eduze yiSifundazwe saseGuangdong. Le ndlela ihlukile ekusakazweni kwangempela kwamaphrojekthi amasha. Isibonelo, izifundazwe ezifana neZhejiang neHebei ziqhosha ngamaphrojekthi amaningi obunjiniyela bezindlu zokuhlanza, kodwa inani lazo lezinkampani zobunjiniyela bezindlu zokuhlanza zasendaweni alikho phezulu.
Ukuze siqonde ngokujulile amandla esifundazwe ngasinye embonini yobunjiniyela bezindlu zokuhlanza kanye nezindlu zokuhlanza, lesi sihloko sisebenzisa imali ekhokhelwayo njengesilinganiso, sihlukanisa izinkampani ezinemali ekhokhelwayo engaphezu kwezigidi ezi-RMB ezi-5 njengabaholi kulo mkhakha. Ngokombono wendawo, lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezigaba kugcizelela kakhulu ukungalingani kwesifunda: Izifundazwe zaseJiangsu naseGuangdong ziyagqama ngenxa yamandla azo amakhulu ezomnotho. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngenkathi izifundazwe zaseShandong, eHenan, nase-Anhui zinenani elikhulu lezinkampani, aziphumeleli kakhulu kwezinye izifundazwe ngokwenani lezinkampani eziphezulu, zigcina inani elifanayo lezinkampani eziphezulu.
Ukuhlola amazinga okukhula kwezifundazwe ezahlukene kanye nomasipala eminyakeni emihlanu edlule kwembula ukuthi, naphezu kokusebenza kahle kakhulu, iSifundazwe saseGuangdong sisalele emuva empini yesikhundla sabahlanu abaphezulu. Okwamanje, izifundazwe zaseHubei naseJiangxi, ezisenkabeni yeShayina, zibonise ukukhula okunamandla. Okuphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi ezingeni lamadolobha ezingeni lesifunda, izinhloko-dolobha zezifundazwe ezifana neZhengzhou, iWuhan, kanye neHefei zibonise ukuthambekela okuphakeme okusobala. Lokhu kuhambisana nesu lokuthuthukiswa kukazwelonke elishintshela ezifundeni eziphakathi nezisentshonalanga, lapho lezi zifunda ziba khona kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni.
ISuzhou neWujiang, amadolobha ahamba phambili eSifundazweni saseJiangsu. Kuzwelonke, amadolobha ayi-16 kuphela asezingeni lesifunda aqhosha ngezinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezisebenza emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bokuhlanza. Isifunda saseWujiang eSuzhou sihamba phambili ngezinkampani ezicishe zibe ngu-600, sidlula kude wonke amanye amadolobha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lezinkampani emadolobheni asezingeni lesifunda esifundazweni ngokuvamile lidlula isilinganiso sesifundazwe. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi inani lezinkampani ezisanda kusungulwa eminyakeni emibili edlule nalo libe phezulu kakhulu kunezinye izifunda, kanti ngaphezu kwengxenye inemali ekhokhelwayo (uma kuqhathaniswa namadolobha amaningi kwezinye izifundazwe, lapho iningi lezinkampani ezisanda kusungulwa lingakaqedi khona ukukhokha okunjalo).
Isifundazwe saseGuangdong, esiholayo eNingizimu yeShayina, sibona ukukhula okubuthakathaka. Njengomholi eNingizimu yeShayina, iSifundazwe saseGuangdong sigcina isikhundla sesibili esiqinile emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bokuhlanza. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, sibhekane nezinselelo zokwengeza izinkampani ezintsha, okuholele ekunciphiseni ukukhula. Kodwa-ke, iSifundazwe saseGuangdong sibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokugxilisa ingqondo emkhakheni waso wobunjiniyela bezindlu zokuhlanza. IGuangdong, iShenzhen, kanye neZhuhai azigcini nje ngokuhlalisa iningi lezinsizakusebenza zamabhizinisi ezihlobene nesifundazwe, kodwa futhi zihlala ziphakathi kwamadolobha amahlanu aphezulu ezweni lonke.
Isifundazwe saseShandong: Sisabalale Kabanzi, Sikhulu Ngobukhulu Kodwa Asinamandla. Ngokungafani neJiangsu neGuangdong, umkhakha wobunjiniyela bezindlu zokuhlanza esifundazweni saseShandong ubonisa izinga eliphezulu lokusabalala. Ngisho nasemadolobheni abalulekile kwezepolitiki nakwezomnotho njengeJinan neQingdao, izinga lokuhlushwa aliphezulu kakhulu kunasemadolobheni amakhulu kwezinye izifundazwe. Noma kunjalo, ngokwenani lilonke, iShandong isaphakathi kwamaqembu amathathu aphezulu ezweni lonke. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo "esikhulu kodwa esingaqinile" sibonakala nasekuntulekeni kwamabhizinisi aholayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhuthazayo, inani lamabhizinisi asanda kusungulwa esifundazweni saseShandong lidlule elesiFundazwe saseGuangdong eminyakeni yamuva nje, libonisa amandla okukhula aqinile.
Isifinyezo
Sibona kusengaphambili izitayela eziningana ezibalulekile zentuthuko yezinkampani zobunjiniyela bezindlu zokuhlanza zasekhaya. Okokuqala, ukukhula okuphelele kuzohamba kancane, futhi ukuncipha kokunikezwa kungaholela ekwehleni okwengeziwe kwenani lamabhizinisi amasha. Okwesibili, ukugxilisa ingqondo embonini kanye "nomphumela wekhanda" kuzokwanda kakhulu, kusheshiswe ukususwa kwamabhizinisi asalele emuva ngenkathi amabhizinisi aholayo anokuncintisana okuyinhloko kulindeleke ukuthi abambe isabelo semakethe esikhulu. Okokugcina, izinkampani kwamanye amadolobha angaphakathi kulindeleke ukuthi zivele, ikakhulukazi ezinhloko-dolobha zezifundazwe, lapho kulindeleke ukuthi kuvele khona izinkanyezi ezikhulayo, ezinamandla okuncintisana nezinkampani eziholayo "ezindaweni zokuhlanza" ezisunguliwe njengeJiangsu neGuangzhou. Lezi zinguquko azigcini nje ngokubonisa ukuhlelwa kabusha okujulile kwemboni kodwa futhi ziletha amathuba amasha nezinselele ezifundeni nasezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-19-2025