1. Ukususwa kwezinhlayiya zothuli egumbini elihlanzekile elingenalo izintuli
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wegumbi elihlanzekile ukulawula ukuhlanzeka, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama womkhathi lapho imikhiqizo (njengama-silicon chips, njll.) ivezwa kukho, ukuze imikhiqizo ikhiqizwe futhi yenziwe endaweni enhle yemvelo. Lesi sikhala sikubiza njengegumbi elihlanzekile. Ngokomkhuba wamazwe ngamazwe, izinga lokuhlanzeka linqunywa ngokuyinhloko inani lezinhlayiya nge-cubic meter yomoya enobubanzi obukhulu kunezinga lokuhlukanisa. Ngamanye amazwi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-dust-free akuyona i-100% engenalo uthuli, kodwa ilawulwa ngeyunithi encane kakhulu. Yiqiniso, izinhlayiya ezihlangabezana nezinga lothuli kuleli zinga sezivele zincane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nothuli oluvamile esilubonayo, kodwa ezakhiweni ze-optical, ngisho nothuli oluncane luyoba nomthelela omubi kakhulu, ngakho-ke uthuli luyisidingo esingenakugwenywa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yesakhiwo se-optical.
Ukulawula inani lezinhlayiya zothuli ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezinkulu noma ezilingana no-0.5 microns ku-cubic meter ngayinye ukuya ngaphansi kuka-3520/cubic meter kuzofinyelela isigaba A sezinga lamazwe ngamazwe elingenalo uthuli. Izinga elingenalo uthuli elisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni nasekucutshungulweni kwezinga le-chip linezidingo eziphakeme zothuli kunesigaba A, futhi izinga eliphezulu kangaka lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamanye ama-chips asezingeni eliphezulu. Inani lezinhlayiya zothuli lilawulwa ngokuqinile ku-35,200 cubic meter ngayinye, eyaziwa ngokuthi isigaba B embonini yegumbi elihlanzekile.
2. Izinhlobo ezintathu zamakamelo ahlanzekile
Igumbi elihlanzekile elingenalutho: indawo yegumbi elihlanzekile elakhiwe futhi elingasetshenziswa. Inazo zonke izinkonzo nemisebenzi efanele. Kodwa-ke, azikho izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa ngabasebenza kulesi sikhungo.
Igumbi elihlanzekile: indawo yegumbi elihlanzekile elinemisebenzi ephelele, izilungiselelo ezifanele nokufakwa, elingasetshenziswa ngokuya ngezilungiselelo noma elisetshenziswayo, kodwa abekho opharetha esikhungweni.
Igumbi elihlanzekile elinamandla: igumbi elihlanzekile elisetshenziswa ngendlela evamile, elinemisebenzi ephelele yesevisi, izinto zokusebenza nabasebenzi; uma kunesidingo, umsebenzi ojwayelekile ungenziwa.
3. Lawula izinto
(1). Ingakwazi ukususa izinhlayiya zothuli ezintanta emoyeni.
(2). Ingavimbela ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlayiya zothuli.
(3). Ukulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama.
(4). Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi.
(5). Ukuqedwa kwamagesi ayingozi.
(6). Ukuqina komoya kwezakhiwo namakhompathimenti.
(7). Ukuvimbela ugesi omile.
(8). Ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.
(9). Ukucatshangelwa kwezinto zokuphepha.
(10). Ukucatshangelwa ukonga amandla.
4. Ukwahlukanisa
Uhlobo lokugeleza kwesiyaluyalu
Umoya ungena egumbini elihlanzekile usuka ebhokisini le-air conditioning ngokusebenzisa ipayipi lomoya kanye nesihlungi somoya (i-HEPA) egumbini elihlanzekile, bese ubuyiselwa kumaphaneli odonga oluhlukanisayo noma iphansi eliphakeme nhlangothi zombili zegumbi elihlanzekile. Ukugeleza komoya akuhambi ngendlela yomugqa kodwa kuveza isimo esingavamile sesiyaluyalu noma se-eddy. Lolu hlobo lufanele igumbi elihlanzekile lekilasi 1,000-100,000.
Incazelo: Igumbi elihlanzekile lapho ukugeleza komoya kugeleza khona ngesivinini esingalingani futhi akuhambisani, kuphelezelwa ukugeleza emuva noma i-eddy current.
Isimiso: Amakamelo ahlanzekile aneziyaluyalu ancike ekugelezeni komoya okuhlinzekwa komoya ngokuqhubekayo ukuze ahlambulule umoya ongaphakathi futhi kancane kancane anciphise umoya ongcolile ukuze afinyelele inhlanzeko (amakamelo ahlanzekile aneziyaluyalu ngokuvamile aklanywa emazingeni okuhlanzeka angaphezu kuka-1,000 kuya ku-300,000).
Izici: Amakamelo ahlanzekile aneziyaluyalu athembele ekungeneni komoya okuningi ukuze afinyelele amazinga okuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka. Inombolo yezinguquko zokungena komoya inquma izinga lokuhlanzeka encazelweni (uma kushintsha umoya kakhulu, izinga lokuhlanzeka liya phezulu)
(1) Isikhathi sokuzihlanza: sibhekisela esikhathini lapho igumbi elihlanzekile liqala ukunikeza umoya ekamelweni elihlanzekile ngokwenombolo eklanyelwe yokufaka umoya futhi ukugxiliswa kothuli ekamelweni kufinyelela ekilasini eliklanyelwe lokuhlanzeka kwe-1,000 kulindeleke ukuthi kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-20 (imizuzu engu-15 ingasetshenziselwa ukubala) ikilasi le-10,000 kulindeleke ukuthi lisetshenziswe imizuzu engu-30 (2 imizuzu) I-100,000 kulindeleke ukuthi ingabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-40 (imizuzu engama-30 ingasetshenziselwa ukubala)
(2) Imvamisa yokungenisa umoya (eklanyelwe ngokwezidingo zesikhathi sokuzihlanza ezingenhla) ikilasi 1,000: 43.5-55.3 izikhathi / ihora (okujwayelekile: izikhathi ezingama-50 / ihora) ikilasi 10,000: 23.8-28.6 izikhathi / ihora (okujwayelekile: izikhathi ezingama-25 / ihora) ikilasi 40-ihora le-100. (okujwayelekile: izikhathi eziyi-15/ihora)
Izinzuzo: isakhiwo esilula, izindleko zokwakhiwa kwesistimu ephansi, ukunwetshwa kalula kwegumbi elihlanzekile, kwezinye izindawo ezikhethekile, ibhentshi elihlanzekile elingenalo uthuli lingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ibanga legumbi elihlanzekile.
Ukungalungi: izinhlayiya zothuli ezibangelwa isiyaluyalu zintanta esikhaleni sasendlini futhi kunzima ukuzikhipha, ezingangcolisa kalula imikhiqizo yenqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlelo lumiswa bese lusebenza, ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi eside ukufeza ukuhlanzeka okudingekayo.
Ukugeleza kwe-laminar
I-Laminar flow air ihamba ngendlela efanayo. Umoya ungena egumbini ngesihlungi esinesilinganiso sokufakwa esingu-100% futhi sibuyiswa ngesitezi esiphezulu noma amabhodi okuhlukanisa nhlangothi zombili. Lolu hlobo lufanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlanzekile zegumbi ezinamamaki aphezulu egumbi elihlanzekile, ngokuvamile ikilasi 1~100. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
(1) Ukugeleza kwe-laminar evundlile: Umoya ovundlile ushaywa usuka kusihlungi uye ohlangothini olulodwa bese ubuyiselwa uhlelo lomoya olubuyayo odongeni oluphambene. Uthuli lukhishelwa ngaphandle ngendlela eya emoyeni. Ngokuvamile, ukungcola kubi kakhulu ohlangothini olungezansi lomfula.
Izinzuzo: Isakhiwo esilula, singazinza ngesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Ukungalungi: Izindleko zokwakha ziphakeme kunokugeleza okuneziyaluyalu, futhi indawo yasendlini akulula ukunwetshwa.
(2) Ukugeleza kwe-laminar eqondile: Uphahla lwegumbi lumbozwe ngokuphelele izihlungi ze-ULPA, futhi umoya uvunguza usuka phezulu uye phansi, ongafinyelela ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Uthuli olukhiqizwe ngesikhathi senqubo noma ngabasebenzi lungakhishwa ngokushesha ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ezinye izindawo zokusebenza.
Izinzuzo: Kulula ukuphatha, isimo esizinzile singafinyelelwa ngesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokuqala komsebenzi, futhi singathinteki kalula yisimo sokusebenza noma ama-opharetha.
Ukungalungi: Izindleko eziphezulu zokwakha, okunzima ukusebenzisa isikhala ngokuguquguquka, iziphanyeko zophahla zithatha indawo enkulu, futhi kunzima ukulungisa nokushintsha izihlungi.
Uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe
Uhlobo oluyinhlanganisela elokuhlanganisa noma ukusebenzisa uhlobo lokugeleza oluyaluzayo kanye nohlobo lokugeleza kwe-laminar ndawonye, okunganikeza umoya wendawo ohlanzeke kakhulu.
(1) Umhubhe Ohlanzekile: Sebenzisa izihlungi ze-HEPA noma ze-ULPA ukuze uhlanganise u-100% wendawo yenqubo noma indawo yokusebenza ukuze ukhuphule izinga lokuhlanzeka libe ngaphezu kweSigaba 10, esingalondoloza izindleko zokufakwa nokusebenza.
Lolu hlobo ludinga indawo yokusebenza yesisebenzisi ukuthi ihlukaniswe nokulungiswa komkhiqizo nomshini ukuze kugwenywe ukuthikameza umsebenzi nekhwalithi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa komshini.
Imigudu ehlanzekile inezinye izinzuzo ezimbili: A. Kulula ukunwebeka ngendlela evumelana nezimo; B. Ukugcinwa kwemishini kungenziwa kalula endaweni yokulungisa.
(2) I-Tube Ehlanzekile: Hambisa futhi uhlanze umugqa wokukhiqiza othomathikhi lapho ukugeleza komkhiqizo kudlula khona, futhi ukwandise izinga lokuhlanzeka libe ngaphezu kwesigaba 100. Ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo, umqhubi kanye nemvelo ekhiqiza uthuli kuhlukanisiwe komunye nomunye, inani elincane lokunikezwa komoya lingakwazi ukufeza ukuhlanzeka okuhle, okungasindisa amandla futhi kulungele kakhulu imigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo engadingi umsebenzi wezandla. Isebenza ezimbonini zemithi, zokudla kanye ne-semiconductor.
(3) Indawo Ehlanzekile: Izinga lokuhlanzeka kwendawo yenqubo yomkhiqizo egumbini elihlanzekile elineziyaluyalu elinezinga legumbi elihlanzekile lika-10,000~100,000 liyakhuphuka libe ngu-10~1000 noma ngaphezulu ngezinjongo zokukhiqiza; amabhentshi okusebenzela ahlanzekile, amashedi ahlanzekile, amagumbi ahlanzekile enziwe ngaphambilini, namawodilobhu ahlanzekile akulesi sigaba.
Ibhentshi elihlanzekile: iklasi 1 ~ 100.
Idokodo elihlanzekile: Isikhala esincane esizungezwe indwangu yepulasitiki engabonakali engashintshi endaweni yegumbi elihlanzekile elineziyaluyalu, kusetshenziswa i-HEPA noma i-ULPA ezimele kanye namayunithi okupholisa umoya ukuze kube indawo ehlanzekile yezinga eliphezulu, enezinga elingu-10~1000, ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-2.5, kanye nendawo yokumboza engaba ngu-10m2 noma ngaphansi. Inezinsika ezine futhi ifakwe amasondo ahambayo ukuze isetshenziswe kalula.
5. Ukugeleza komoya
Ukubaluleka kokugeleza komoya
Ukuhlanzeka kwekamelo elihlanzekile kuvame ukuthintwa ukugeleza komoya. Ngamanye amazwi, ukunyakaza nokusabalalisa uthuli olukhiqizwa abantu, amagumbi emishini, izakhiwo zokwakha, njll. kulawulwa ukugeleza komoya.
Igumbi elihlanzekile lisebenzisa i-HEPA ne-ULPA ukuze lihlunge umoya, futhi izinga lalo lokuqoqa uthuli liphezulu njenge-99.97~99.99995%, ngakho-ke umoya ohlungwa yilesi sihlungi kungathiwa uhlanzeke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwabantu, kukhona nemithombo yothuli efana nemishini egumbini elihlanzekile. Uma lezi zintuli ezikhiqiziwe sezisakazekile, akunakwenzeka ukugcina indawo ehlanzekile, ngakho ukugeleza komoya kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukukhipha uthuli olukhiqiziwe ngaphandle ngokushesha.
Izinto Ezithonya
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta ukugeleza komoya kwegumbi elihlanzekile, njengemishini yenqubo, izisebenzi, izinto zokuhlanganisa zegumbi ezihlanzekile, izinto zokukhanyisa, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yokuphambukisa yokugeleza komoya ngaphezu kwempahla yokukhiqiza nayo kufanele icatshangelwe.
Indawo yokuphambukisa ukugeleza komoya ebusweni betafula elivamile lokusebenza noma impahla yokukhiqiza kufanele ibekwe ku-2/3 webanga phakathi kwendawo yegumbi elihlanzekile nebhodi lokuhlukanisa. Ngale ndlela, lapho opharetha esebenza, ukugeleza komoya kungageleza kusuka ngaphakathi kwendawo yenqubo kuya endaweni yokusebenza futhi kususe uthuli; uma iphoyinti lokuphambukisa lilungiswa phambi kwendawo yenqubo, lizoba ukuphambukisa komoya okungafanele. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugeleza komoya okuningi kuzogeleza ngemuva kwendawo yenqubo, futhi uthuli olubangelwa ukusebenza komsebenzisi luzothwalwa ngemuva kwemishini, futhi ibhentshi lomsebenzi lizongcoliswa, futhi isivuno sizokwehla nakanjani.
Izithiyo ezifana namatafula okusebenza emakamelweni ahlanzekile azoba nama-edad currents lapho kuhlangana khona, futhi ukuhlanzeka eduze kwazo kuzoba kubi kakhulu. Ukubhoboza imbobo yokubuyisela emoyeni etafuleni lomsebenzi kuzonciphisa isenzakalo samanje se-eddy; ukuthi ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuhlanganisa kufaneleka yini nokuthi ukuhlelwa kwemishini kuphelele yini kuyizici ezibalulekile zokuthi ukugeleza komoya kuba yinto yamanje ye-eddy.
6. Ukwakheka kwekamelo elihlanzekile
Ukwakhiwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile lakhiwe ngamasistimu alandelayo (okungekho kuwo okudingekayo kuma-molecule esistimu), ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kwenzeke ukwakha igumbi elihlanzekile eliphelele nelisezingeni eliphezulu:
(1) Uhlelo lukasilingi: okuhlanganisa induku yosilingi, i-I-beam noma i-U-beam, igridi yesilingi noma ifremu yesilingi.
(2) Uhlelo lwe-air conditioning: kufaka phakathi ikhabethe lomoya, uhlelo lokuhlunga, i-windmill, njll.
(3) Udonga oluyingxenye: kufaka phakathi amafasitela neminyango.
(4) Iphansi: kufaka phakathi iphansi eliphezulu noma i-anti-static floor.
(5) Izinto zokukhanyisa: Isibani esiyisicaba se-LED sokuhlanza.
Isakhiwo esikhulu segumbi elihlanzekile ngokuvamile senziwe ngezinsimbi zensimbi noma usimende wamathambo, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwesakhiwo, kufanele luhlangabezane nalezi zimo ezilandelayo:
A. Akukho mifantu ezokwenzeka ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa nokudlidliza;
B. Akulula ukukhiqiza izinhlayiya zothuli, futhi kunzima ukuthi izinhlayiya zinamathisele;
C. I-hygroscopicity ephansi;
D. Ukuze kugcinwe izimo zomswakama ekamelweni elihlanzekile, ukufakwa kwe-thermal kufanele kube phezulu;
7. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokusetshenziswa
Igumbi elihlanzekile lezimboni
Ukulawula izinhlayiya ezingaphili into. Ilawula ngokuyinhloko ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya zothuli lomoya entweni esebenzayo, futhi ingaphakathi ngokuvamile ligcina isimo sokucindezela okuhle. Ilungele imboni yemishini yokunemba, imboni ye-elekthronikhi (ama-semiconductors, ama-circuits ahlanganisiwe, njll.), imboni ye-aerospace, imboni yamakhemikhali ehlanzekile kakhulu, imboni yamandla e-athomu, imboni yomkhiqizo we-optical and magnetic (CD, ifilimu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-tape) i-LCD (i-crystal glass glass), i-hard disk yekhompyutha, ukukhiqizwa kwekhanda lekhompyutha nezinye izimboni.
Igumbi elihlanzekile lebhayoloji
Ilawula ikakhulukazi ukungcola kwezinhlayiya eziphilayo (amabhaktheriya) nezinhlayiya ezingaphili (uthuli) entweni esebenzayo. Ingahlukaniswa ibe;
A. Igumbi elijwayelekile elihlanzekile lebhayoloji: ikakhulukazi lilawula ukungcoliswa kwezinto ezincane (amagciwane). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto zayo zangaphakathi kufanele zikwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka kwama-ejenti ahlukahlukene abulala amagciwane, futhi ingaphakathi ngokuvamile liqinisekisa ukucindezela okuhle. Empeleni, izinto zangaphakathi kumele zikwazi ukumelana nokwelashwa okuhlukahlukene kokuvala inzalo kwegumbi elihlanzekile lezimboni. Izibonelo: imboni yemithi, izibhedlela (amagumbi okuhlinza, amawodi angenalutho), ukudla, izimonyo, ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo wesiphuzo, amalabhorethri ezilwane, amalabhorethri okuhlola amakhemikhali namakhemikhali, iziteshi zegazi, njll.
B. Igumbi elihlanzekile lokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo: ngokuyinhloko lilawula ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya eziphilayo zento esebenzayo emhlabeni wangaphandle nakubantu. Ingcindezi yangaphakathi kufanele igcinwe ingalungile ngomkhathi. Izibonelo: i-bacteriology, i-biology, ilabhorethri ehlanzekile, ubunjiniyela bomzimba (izakhi zofuzo, ukulungiswa komgomo)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-07-2025