1. Ukususwa kwezinhlayiya zothuli egumbini elihlanzekile elingenalo uthuli
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wegumbi elihlanzekile ukulawula ukuhlanzeka, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama womkhathi lapho imikhiqizo (njengezingcezu ze-silicon, njll.) ivezwa khona, ukuze imikhiqizo ikhiqizwe futhi ikhiqizwe endaweni enhle yemvelo. Lesi sikhala sibiza lesi sikhala ngokuthi igumbi elihlanzekile. Ngokomkhuba wamazwe ngamazwe, izinga lokuhlanzeka linqunywa kakhulu yinani lezinhlayiya ngemitha ngayinye yomoya enobubanzi obukhulu kunezinga lokuhlukaniswa. Ngamanye amazwi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi okungenalo uthuli akulona uthuli oluyi-100%, kodwa kulawulwa eyunithi encane kakhulu. Yiqiniso, izinhlayiya ezihlangabezana nezinga lothuli kule nqubo sezincane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nothuli oluvamile esilubonayo, kodwa ezakhiweni zokukhanya, ngisho nothuli oluncane luzoba nomthelela omubi omkhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukungabi nothuli kuyimfuneko engenakugwenywa ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo yesakhiwo sokukhanya.
Ukulawula inani lezinhlayiya zothuli ezinobukhulu bezinhlayiya obukhulu noma obulingana nama-microns angu-0.5 nge-cubic meter kuya ngaphansi kwama-3520/cubic meter kuzofinyelela isigaba A sendinganiso yomhlaba wonke engenazo uthuli. Indinganiso engenazo uthuli esetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni nasekucutshungulweni kwezinga le-chip inezidingo eziphakeme zothuli kunesigaba A, futhi indinganiso enjalo ephezulu isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamanye ama-chip asezingeni eliphezulu. Inani lezinhlayiya zothuli lilawulwa ngokuqinile kuma-35,200 nge-cubic meter, eyaziwa ngokuthi isigaba B embonini yegumbi elihlanzekile.
2. Izinhlobo ezintathu zezimo zegumbi elihlanzekile
Igumbi elihlanzekile elingenalutho: indawo yegumbi elihlanzekile elakhiwe futhi elingasetshenziswa. Linazo zonke izinsizakalo nemisebenzi efanele. Kodwa-ke, akukho mishini esetshenziswa ngabaqhubi bezindawo.
Igumbi lokuhlanza elingaguquki: indawo yegumbi elihlanzekile enemisebenzi ephelele, izilungiselelo ezifanele kanye nokufakwa, engasetshenziswa ngokwezilungiselelo noma esetshenziswayo, kodwa abekho opharetha endaweni.
Igumbi elihlanzekile eliguquguqukayo: igumbi elihlanzekile elisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile, elinemisebenzi ephelele yesevisi, imishini kanye nabasebenzi; uma kudingeka, umsebenzi ojwayelekile ungenziwa.
3. Izinto zokulawula
(1). Ingasusa izinhlayiya zothuli ezintanta emoyeni.
(2). Kungavimbela ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlayiya zothuli.
(3). Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama.
(4). Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi.
(5). Ukususwa kwamagesi ayingozi.
(6). Ukuqina komoya kwezakhiwo kanye nezingxenye.
(7). Ukuvimbela ugesi ongashintshi.
(8). Ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.
(9). Ukucatshangelwa kwezici zokuphepha.
(10). Ukucatshangelwa kokonga amandla.
4. Ukuhlukaniswa
Uhlobo lokugeleza okuguquguqukayo
Umoya ungena egumbini elihlanzekile usuka ebhokisini lokupholisa umoya ngepayipi lomoya kanye nesihlungi somoya (i-HEPA) egumbini elihlanzekile, bese ubuyiswa kusuka kumaphaneli odonga oluhlukanisiwe noma phansi okuphakeme kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zegumbi elihlanzekile. Ukugeleza komoya akuhambi ngendlela eqondile kodwa kuveza isimo esingajwayelekile sokuxokozela noma sokungahlali kahle. Lolu hlobo lufanelekela igumbi elihlanzekile lekilasi 1,000-100,000.
Incazelo: Igumbi elihlanzekile lapho ukugeleza komoya kugeleza khona ngesivinini esingalingani futhi kungalingani, kuhambisana nokugeleza emuva noma umsinga we-eddy.
Isimiso: Amakamelo ahlanzekile anezinxushunxushu athembele ekugelezeni komoya ukuze anciphise umoya wangaphakathi futhi anciphise umoya ongcolile kancane kancane ukuze kutholakale ukuhlanzeka (amakamelo ahlanzekile anezinxushunxushu ngokuvamile aklanywa emazingeni okuhlanzeka angaphezu kuka-1,000 kuya ku-300,000).
Izici: Amakamelo ahlanzekile anezinxushunxushu athembele ekungeneni komoya okuningi ukuze afinyelele amazinga okuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka. Inani lezinguquko zomoya linquma izinga lokuhlanzeka encazelweni (uma ukuphefumula kushintsha kakhulu, izinga lokuhlanzeka liyanda)
(1) Isikhathi sokuzihlanza: sibhekisela esikhathini lapho igumbi elihlanzekile liqala ukunikeza umoya ekamelweni elihlanzekile ngokwenombolo yomoya eklanyelwe futhi ukugcwala kothuli ekamelweni kufinyelela ezingeni lokuhlanzeka eliklanyelwe ikilasi 1,000 kulindeleke ukuthi kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-20 (imizuzu eyi-15 ingasetshenziswa ekubaleni) ikilasi 10,000 kulindeleke ukuthi kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30 (imizuzu engama-25 ingasetshenziswa ekubaleni) ikilasi 100,000 kulindeleke ukuthi kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-40 (imizuzu engama-30 ingasetshenziswa ekubaleni)
(2) Imvamisa yokuphefumula (eklanyelwe ngokwezidingo zesikhathi sokuzihlanza ezingenhla) ikilasi 1,000: izikhathi ezingu-43.5-55.3/ihora (ejwayelekile: izikhathi ezingu-50/ihora) ikilasi 10,000: izikhathi ezingu-23.8-28.6/ihora (ejwayelekile: izikhathi ezingu-25/ihora) ikilasi 100,000: izikhathi ezingu-14.4-19.2/ihora (ejwayelekile: izikhathi ezingu-15/ihora)
Izinzuzo: isakhiwo esilula, izindleko eziphansi zokwakha uhlelo, kulula ukwandisa igumbi elihlanzekile, kwezinye izindawo ezikhethekile, ibhentshi elihlanzekile elingenalo uthuli lingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa izinga legumbi elihlanzekile.
Okubi: izinhlayiya zothuli ezibangelwa ukuxokozela ziyantanta esikhaleni sangaphakathi futhi kunzima ukuzikhipha, okungangcolisa kalula imikhiqizo yenqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlelo lumiswa bese luvulwa, kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukufeza ukuhlanzeka okudingekayo.
Ukugeleza kwe-Laminar
Umoya ogeleza nge-laminar uhamba ngendlela efanayo eqondile. Umoya ungena egumbini ngesihlungi esinezinga lokumboza elingu-100% bese ubuyiselwa phansi noma ngamabhodi okuhlukanisa izinhlangothi zombili. Lolu hlobo lufanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlanzekile zegumbi ezinezinga eliphezulu legumbi lokuhlanza, ngokuvamile isigaba 1 ~ 100. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
(1) Ukugeleza kwe-laminar okuvundlile: Umoya ovundlile upheshulwa usuka kusihlungi uye ohlangothini olulodwa bese ubuyiselwa uhlelo lomoya olubuyayo odongeni oluphambene. Uthuli lukhishwa ngaphandle luqondiswa umoya. Ngokuvamile, ukungcola kubi kakhulu ohlangothini olungezansi.
Izinzuzo: Isakhiwo esilula, singazinza ngesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokusebenza.
Okubi: Izindleko zokwakha ziphakeme kunokugeleza kwamanzi okuguqukayo, futhi isikhala sangaphakathi akulula ukusikhulisa.
(2) Ukugeleza kwe-laminar okuqondile: Uphahla lwegumbi lumbozwe ngokuphelele ngezihlungi ze-ULPA, futhi umoya upheshulwa kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, okungafeza ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Uthuli olukhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo noma ngabasebenzi lungakhishwa ngokushesha ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuthinta ezinye izindawo zomsebenzi.
Izinzuzo: Kulula ukuphatha, isimo esizinzile singatholakala ngesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokuqala kokusebenza, futhi asithinteki kalula yisimo sokusebenza noma opharetha.
Okubi: Izindleko zokwakha ziphezulu, kunzima ukuzisebenzisa kalula, iziphanyeko zophahla zithatha isikhala esiningi, futhi kunzima ukulungisa nokufaka izihlungi esikhundleni sazo.
Uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe
Uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe luhlanganisa noma lusebenzise uhlobo lokugeleza oluguquguqukayo kanye nohlobo lokugeleza olune-laminar ndawonye, okunganikeza umoya wendawo ohlanzekile kakhulu.
(1) Umhubhe Ohlanzekile: Sebenzisa izihlungi ze-HEPA noma ze-ULPA ukuze umboze u-100% wendawo yenqubo noma indawo yokusebenza ukuze wandise izinga lokuhlanzeka libe ngaphezu kweSigaba 10, okungonga izindleko zokufaka nezokusebenza.
Lolu hlobo ludinga ukuthi indawo yokusebenza yomqhubi ihlukaniswe nokulungiswa komkhiqizo nomshini ukuze kugwenywe ukuthinta umsebenzi nekhwalithi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa komshini.
Imigudu ehlanzekile inezinye izinzuzo ezimbili: A. Kulula ukuyinweba kalula; B. Ukulungiswa kwemishini kungenziwa kalula endaweni yokulungisa.
(2) Ipayipi Elihlanzekile: Zungeza futhi uhlanze umugqa wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo lapho ukugeleza komkhiqizo kudlula khona, bese ukhuphula izinga lokuhlanzeka libe ngaphezu kwesigaba 100. Ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo, umqhubi kanye nendawo ekhiqiza uthuli zihlukanisiwe, inani elincane lomoya lingafeza ukuhlanzeka okuhle, okungonga amandla futhi kufaneleka kakhulu emigqeni yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo engadingi umsebenzi wezandla. Isebenza ezimbonini zemithi, ukudla kanye nezama-semiconductor.
(3) Indawo Ehlanzekile: Izinga lokuhlanzeka kwendawo yenqubo yomkhiqizo egumbini elihlanzekile elinomoya obandayo elinezinga legumbi elihlanzekile elingu-10,000 ~ 100,000 liyakhushulwa libe ngu-10 ~ 1000 noma ngaphezulu ngezinjongo zokukhiqiza; amabhentshi okusebenzela ahlanzekile, amashede ahlanzekile, amakamelo ahlanzekile asetshenziwe ngaphambilini, kanye nezingubo zokugqoka ezihlanzekile kungokwalesi sigaba.
Ibhentshi elihlanzekile: ikilasi 1 ~ 100.
Idokodo elihlanzekile: Indawo encane ezungezwe yindwangu yepulasitiki ekhanyayo engaguquki endaweni yegumbi elihlanzekile eliguquguqukayo, kusetshenziswa amayunithi azimele e-HEPA noma e-ULPA kanye nama-air conditioner ukuze ibe yindawo ehlanzekile ephezulu, enezinga elingu-10 ~ 1000, ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-2.5, kanye nendawo yokumboza engaba ngu-10m2 noma ngaphansi. Inezinsika ezine futhi ifakwe amasondo ahambayo ukuze isetshenziswe kalula.
5. Ukugeleza Komoya
Ukubaluleka Kokuhamba Komoya
Ukuhlanzeka kwegumbi elihlanzekile kuvame ukuthintwa ukugeleza komoya. Ngamanye amazwi, ukunyakaza nokusabalala kothuli olukhiqizwa abantu, izingxenye zemishini, izakhiwo zezakhiwo, njll. kulawulwa ukugeleza komoya.
Igumbi elihlanzekile lisebenzisa i-HEPA ne-ULPA ukuhlunga umoya, futhi izinga lokuqoqwa kothuli liphezulu njengo-99.97 ~ 99.99995%, ngakho-ke umoya ohlungiwe yilesi sihlungi kungathiwa uhlanzekile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwabantu, kukhona nemithombo yothuli njengemishini egumbini elihlanzekile. Uma lolu thuli olukhiqizwayo selusakazekile, akunakwenzeka ukugcina indawo ihlanzekile, ngakho-ke ukuhamba komoya kumele kusetshenziswe ukukhipha ngokushesha uthuli olukhiqizwayo ngaphandle.
Izinto Ezithonyayo
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta ukuhamba komoya kwegumbi elihlanzekile, njengemishini yokucubungula, abasebenzi, izinto zokuhlanganisa igumbi elihlanzekile, izibani, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yokuphambuka komoya ngaphezu kwemishini yokukhiqiza nayo kufanele icatshangelwe.
Indawo yokuphambukisa umoya ebusweni betafula lokusebenza elijwayelekile noma imishini yokukhiqiza kufanele ibekwe ku-2/3 yebanga eliphakathi kwesikhala segumbi elihlanzekile nebhodi lokuhlukanisa. Ngale ndlela, lapho umqhubi esebenza, ukugeleza komoya kungageleza kusuka ngaphakathi kwendawo yenqubo kuya endaweni yokusebenza futhi kususe uthuli; uma indawo yokuphambukisa ihlelwe phambi kwendawo yenqubo, izoba ukuphambukisa komoya okungafanele. Ngalesi sikhathi, iningi lokugeleza komoya lizogeleza liye ngemuva kwendawo yenqubo, futhi uthuli olubangelwa ukusebenza komqhubi luzothwalwa luye ngemuva kwemishini, futhi ibhentshi lokusebenza lizongcoliswa, futhi isivuno sizoncipha ngokungenakugwenywa.
Izithiyo ezifana namatafula okusebenzela emakamelweni ahlanzekile zizoba nemisinga ye-eddy lapho kuhlangana khona amanzi, futhi ukuhlanzeka okuseduze kwawo kuzoba kubi kakhulu. Ukubhoboza imbobo yomoya obuyayo etafuleni lokusebenzela kuzonciphisa isenzakalo samandla e-eddy; ukuthi ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuhlanganisa kufanelekile yini nokuthi ukwakheka kwemishini kuphelele yini nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokuthi ukuhamba komoya kuba yisenzakalo samandla e-eddy.
6. Ukwakheka kwegumbi elihlanzekile
Ukwakheka kwegumbi elihlanzekile kwakhiwe yizinhlelo ezilandelayo (akukho neyodwa yazo ebaluleke kakhulu kuma-molecule esistimu), ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kwenzeke ukwakha igumbi elihlanzekile eliphelele nelisezingeni eliphezulu:
(1) Uhlelo lophahla: kufaka phakathi induku yophahla, ugongolo lwe-I noma ugongolo lwe-U, igridi yophahla noma uhlaka lophahla.
(2) Uhlelo lokupholisa umoya: kufaka phakathi ikhabhini yomoya, uhlelo lokuhlunga, umshini womoya, njll.
(3) Udonga oluhlukanisayo: kufaka phakathi amafasitela neminyango.
(4) Isitezi: kufaka phakathi isitezi esiphezulu noma isitezi esingaguquki.
(5) Izibani: Isibani esiyisicaba sokuhlanza i-LED.
Isakhiwo esiyinhloko segumbi elihlanzekile ngokuvamile senziwe ngezinsimbi zensimbi noma ngesamente yamathambo, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwesakhiwo, kumele sihlangabezane nezimo ezilandelayo:
A. Akukho mifantu ezokwenzeka ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa nokudlidliza;
B. Akulula ukukhiqiza izinhlayiya zothuli, futhi kunzima ukuthi izinhlayiya zinamathele;
C. Ukungalingani kahle kwe-hygroscopicity;
D. Ukuze kugcinwe izimo zomswakama ekamelweni elihlanzekile, ukufudumala kufanele kube phezulu;
7. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokusetshenziswa
Igumbi lokuhlanza lezimboni
Ukulawulwa kwezinhlayiya ezingaphili yikona okubalulekile. Kulawula kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya zothuli lomoya entweni esebenzayo, kanti ingaphakathi ngokuvamile ligcina isimo sokucindezela esihle. Lifanele imboni yemishini enembile, imboni ye-elekthronikhi (ama-semiconductor, amasekethe ahlanganisiwe, njll.), imboni yezindiza, imboni yamakhemikhali ehlanzekile kakhulu, imboni yamandla e-athomu, imboni yemikhiqizo ye-optical kanye ne-magnetic (i-CD, ifilimu, ukukhiqizwa kwetheyiphu) i-LCD (ingilazi yekristalu ewuketshezi), idiski eqinile yekhompyutha, ukukhiqizwa kwekhanda lekhompyutha kanye neminye imboni.
Igumbi elihlanzekile lezinto eziphilayo
Ilawula kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya eziphilayo (amagciwane) kanye nezinhlayiya ezingaphili (uthuli) entweni esebenzayo. Ingahlukaniswa ibe yi;
A. Igumbi elihlanzekile elijwayelekile lebhayoloji: lilawula kakhulu ukungcola kwezinto ezincane (ezinamagciwane). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto zalo zangaphakathi kumele zikwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokuhlanza, futhi ingaphakathi ngokuvamile liqinisekisa ingcindezi enhle. Empeleni, izinto zangaphakathi kumele zikwazi ukumelana nokwelashwa okuhlukahlukene kokuhlanza kwegumbi elihlanzekile lezimboni. Izibonelo: imboni yezemithi, izibhedlela (amakamelo okusebenzela, amawadi ahlanzekile), ukudla, izimonyo, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yeziphuzo, amalabhorethri ezilwane, amalabhorethri okuhlola ngokomzimba namakhemikhali, iziteshi zegazi, njll.
B. Ukuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo Igumbi elihlanzekile: lilawula kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya eziphilayo zento esebenzayo ezweni langaphandle nakubantu. Ingcindezi yangaphakathi kumele igcinwe ingekho esimweni sezulu. Izibonelo: i-bacteriology, i-biology, ama-laboratory ahlanzekile, ubunjiniyela bezinto eziphilayo (izakhi zofuzo eziphinda zihlanganiswe, ukulungiswa komjovo)
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-07-2025